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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological responses in Hordeum chilense to brown and yellow rust fungi (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 41 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The histological reaction of 16 Hordeum chilense accessions to Puccinia recondila, P. hordei and P striiformis was investigated. It is not possible to generalize about the reaction of H. chilense to these rust fungi. Several lines showed a susceptible infection type to a brown rust harvested on H. juhatum. One of these lines had an intermediate infection type to the wheat brown rust fungus. The H. chilense reaction to the yellow rust fungi ranged from susceptible to resistant. The lines differed in their response to the rust fungi, as expressed by the level of early abortion of sporelings, and the frequency of plant-cell necrosis associated with the infection sites. All the lines caused complete early abortion associated with infrequent necrosis of the rye brown rust fungus. The responses were to some extent rust non-specific. The differences in response between the lines may reflect differences in general defence mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1992.tb02461.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histology of the infection of tritordeum and its parents by cereal brown rusts (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The reactions of tritordeum lines and their Hordeum chilense and Triticum spp. parents to infection by Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici, P. recondita f.sp. agropyri and P. hordei were studied at the seedling stage. The histological observations indicated that tritordeum behaves as the wheat parent, whatever the H. chilense parental line reaction. Tritordeum is to be considered a host of wheat brown rust where genes for hypersensitive resistance may occur; these are apparently contributed by the wheat parent. Both H. chilense and wheat are highly resistant to barley brown rust, and the reaction of tritordeum is that of the wheat parent with respect to the levels of necrosis associated with the early aborted infection units. The tritordeum reaction is also that of the wheat parent to a rust collected on H. jubatum (putatively P. recondita f.sp. agropyri), with the susceptibility or resistance of H. chilense being overruled by the wheat parent reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01474.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolate-specific QTLs for partial resistance to Puccinia hordei in barley (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 877-884 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Barley ; Puccinia hordei ; Partial resistance ; QTL mapping ; Isolate specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  By using a high-density AFLP marker linkage map, six QTLs for partial resistance to barley leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) isolate 1.2.1. have been identified in the RIL offspring of a cross between the partially resistant cultivar ’Vada’ and the susceptible line L94. Three QTLs were effective at the seedling stage, and five QTLs were effective at the adult plant stage. To study possible isolate specificity of the resistance, seedlings and adult plants of the 103 RILs from the cross L94×’Vada’ were also inoculated with another leaf rust isolate, isolate 24. In addition to the two QTLs that were effective against isolate 1.2.1. at the seedling stage, an additional QTL for seedling resistance to isolate 24 was identified on the long arm of chromosome 7. Of the eight detected QTLs effective at the adult plant stage, three were effective in both isolates and five were effective in only one of the two isolates. Only one QTL had a substantial effect at both the seedling and the adult plant stages. The expression of the other QTLs was developmental-stage specific. The isolate specificity of the QTLs supports the hypothesis of Parlevliet and Zadoks (1977) that partial resistance may be based on a minor-gene-for-minor-gene interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051308
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of QTLs for partial resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) in barley (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 1205-1215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Partial resistance ; Leaf rust ; Barley ; QTL mapping ; Puccinia hordei ; Hordeum vulgare ; Latent period
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The partial resistance to leaf rust in barley is a quantitative resistance that is not based on hypersensitivity. To map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for partial resistance to leaf rust, we obtained 103 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) by single-seed descent from a cross between the susceptible parent L94 and the partially resistant parent Vada. These RILs were evaluated at the seedling and adult plant stages in the greenhouse for the latent period (LP) of the rust fungus, and in the field for the level of infection, measured as area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). A dense genetic map based on 561 AFLP markers had been generated previously for this set of RILs. QTLs for partial resistance to leaf rust were mapped using the “Multiple Interval Mapping” method with the putative QTL markers as cofactors. Six QTLs for partial resistance were identified in this population. Three QTLs, Rphq1, Rphq2 and Rphq3, were effective at the seedling stage and contributed approximately 55% to the phenotypic variance. Five QTLs, Rph2, Rphq3, Rphq4, Rphq5, and/or Rphq6 contributed approximtely. 60% of the phenotypic variance and were effective at the adult plant stage. Therefore, only the QTLs Rphq2 and Rhpq3 were not plant-stage dependent. The identified QTLs showed mainly additive effects and only one significant interaction was detected, i.e. between Rphq1 and Rphq2. The map positions of these QTLs did not coincide with those of the race-specific resistance genes, suggesting that genes for partial resistance and genes for hypersensitive resistance represent entirely different gene families. Also, three QTLs for days to heading, of which two were also involved in plant height, were identified in the present recombinant inbred population. These QTLs had been mapped previously on the same positions in different populations. The perspectives of these results for breeding for durable resistance to leaf rust are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050858
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Appresoorium formation of Puccinia hordei on partially resistant barley and two non-host species (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 87 (1981), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; leaf rust ; horizontal resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Eén van de componenten van partiële resistentie van gerst tegen dwergroest,Puccinia hordei, is een verminderde infectiedichtheid. Het mechanisme, dat hieraan ten grondslag ligt, is onbekend. Een experiment werd uitgevoerd om na te gaan of bij partieel resistente rassen een verminderde appressoriumvorming optreedt. Na inoculatie in een inoculatietoren en een zorgvuldig uitgevoerde incubatie werd het aantal huidmondjes per cm2 bladoppervlak bepaald dat bezet was door appressoria vanP. hordei. De elf weinig vatbare gerstlijnen uit deze studie bleken niet reproduceerbaar te verschillen van de zeer vatbare gerstlijn L94 in de mate van appressoriumbezetting. Dit wijst erop dat infectiedichtheidsverschillen t.g.v. partiële resistentie veroorzaakt worden door mechanismen die werken na de appressoriumvorming. In een tweede experiment werd aangetoond dat zelfs op de niet-waardsoort tarwe, waaropP. hordei geen symptomen veroorzaakt, niet minder appressoria worden gevormd dan op L94. Op een sla-genotype trad echter geen appressoriumvorming op. Op deze laatste niet-waardsoort ontbreken waarschijnlijk de stimuli die de schimmel in staat stellen huidmondjes te vinden.
    Notes: Abstract One of the components of partial resistance of barley to leaf rust,Puccinia hordei, is a reduced infectibility. It was investigated whether this low infectibility may rest on a hampered appressorium formation of the leaf rust fungus. The appressorium formation on the primary leaves of 11 barley genotypes with an intermediate-to-low infectibility was compared with that on the highly infectible L94. The number of stomata per cm2 leaf area occupied by appressoria ofP. hordei was determined per genotype by means of fluorescence microscopy. No cosistent differences could be detected, indicating that the mechanisms causing a low infectibility of partially resistant barley seedlings act at a phase later than the formation of the appressoria. On the non-host wheat not fewer appressoria were formed than on L94, but no appressoria were found on a lettuce genotype. The latter probably lacks the stimuli that enable the fungus to find stomata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01976986
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The contribution of Hordeum chilense to partial resistance of tritordeum to wheat brown rust (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 59 (1992), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Tritordeum ; partial resistance ; Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici ; wheat brown rust ; intergeneric hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Hexaploid and octoploid tritordeum and their Triticum spp. parents were studied in the seedling stage to compare their components of partial resistance to Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici. The components studied were infection frequency, latency period and size of uredia. The non-host Hordeum chilense parent does not confer any increase of partial resistance to wheat brown rust to its amphiploids with wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041264
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological studies on the infection of triticale, wheat and rye byPuccinia recondita f.sp.tritici andP. recondita f.sp.recondita (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 275-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; breadwheat ; T. durum ; durum wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; Triticosecale ; triticale ; Puccinia recondita ; leaf rust ; histology ; hypersensitive resistance ; nonhost resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The reaction of eight triticales and of the respective wheat and rye parental lines to infection by the leaf rust fungi of wheat and rye were studied in the seedling stage. The histological observations indicated that wheat and triticale showed a typical nonhost reaction to the leaf rust of rye: sporelings of this fungus were arrested after the formation of primary infection hyphae and before the formation of extensively branched mycelium, mostly without necrosis of plant cells. The rye inbred lines were all susceptible to the rye leaf rust. The reaction of wheat and triticales to the wheat leaf rust was susceptible or resistant. The reaction of resistant lines could be early or late and complete or incomplete, but was associated with substantial necrosis of plant cells, and therefore entirely different from the nonhost reaction to rye leaf rust. In their reaction to wheat leaf rust the rye lines were similar to the resistant wheat and triticale lines. They did not show an important degree of nonhypersensitive early abortion as would be expected in a nonhost species. It appeared that genes for hypersensitive resistance in triticale may be contributed by either the wheat or the rye parental line. A screening of sixty wheat, rye and triticale lines confirmed the nonhost status of wheat and triticale to rye leaf rust and the hypersensitive or moderately susceptible reaction of rye to wheat leaf rust.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730674
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonhost plant species as donors for resistance to pathogens with narrow host range. II. Concepts and evidence on the genetic basis of nonhost resistance (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 37 (1988), S. 89-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Interspecific crosses ; intergeneric crosses ; disease resistance ; pathogenicity ; nonhost resistance ; host resistance ; genetics ; basic compatibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary It is commonly argued that wild plant species with a very high level of resistance to a micro-organism which is pathogenic on a crop species would be useful donors of resistance. Whether this principle is true if the wild species is a distinct nonhost, remains to be proved. It is assumed that nonhost resistance, if not based on avoidance, rests on a poor adaptation of the micro-organism to general defence mechanisms in the plant. No basic compatibility is achieved. Major-genic hypersensitive host resistance would, according to the concept, be superimposed on basic compatibility. The defence reaction is ‘switched on’ if a resistance allele recognizes a specific avirulence factor produced by the pathogen. The frequency of the resistance allele would depend on the selection pressure exerted by the pathogen population. In contrast to these concepts, there is evidence that nonhost resistance, at least to formae speciales, rests on an extremely high allele frequency of effective major genes for resistance, rather than on a complex of genes that play part in a general defence system. Especially the high allele frequency and the durability of the nonhost resistance are in conflict to what would be expected if the concepts hold true. It is concluded that part of the theoretical concepts needs to be revised or extended to reconcile them with the evidence. A major-genic base for nonhost resistance would be very interesting from the breeder's point of view, because transfer of such a resistance to a crop would be less hard to accomplish than that of more complex inherited defence systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037229
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of a set of 14 c-DNA probes from wheat to detect restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in barley (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 53 (1991), S. 115-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; RFLP ; chromosome arm ; molecular marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A set of 14 probes from wheat cDNA clones was used to search for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in six barley lines. The degree of polymorphism among the lines varied greatly between probes and between the various restriction enzymes. Two probes revealed a high degree of polymorphism in all probe/enzyme combinations. Seven of 14 probes did not reveal RFLP. The average level of polymorphism based on all 840 pairwise comparisons was 14.0%, which is higher than has been reported in wheat, but lower than in maize, rice, potato and lettuce. Most of the probes that detected RFLP correspond to sites on the long arms of wheat chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023791
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of abortive stoma penetration in the partial resistance and nonhost reaction of adult barley and wheat plants to leaf rust fungi (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 725-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Triticum aestivum ; breadwheat ; Puccinia hordei ; Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici ; leaf rust ; partial resistance ; nonhost resistance ; adult plant ; stoma penetration ; stomatal exclusion ; histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Early stages of the infection process of Puccinia hordei isolate 1.2.1 and of a P. recondita f.sp. tritici isolate were studied on adult plants of four barley lines and one wheat line. Two of the barley lines are extremely susceptible to P. hordei, the other two have a very high level of partial resistance. A histological study based on a trypan blue staining indicated that stoma penetration by P. hordei isolate 1.2.1 was equally successful on the susceptible as on the partially resistant adult barley plants. Abortion of substomatal vesicles was rare in all lines. These results do not support a hypothesis that mechanisms of partial resistance in adult plants differ from those in seedlings by a substantial abortive stoma penetration. Also in the nonhost combinations wheat-P. hordei and barley-P. recondita f.sp. tritici inhibition of stoma penetration and of substomatal vesicle development appears to play a biologically insignificant role in adult plants. The proportion of stoma penetration on the leaf sheaths of two of the barley lines was as high as on the leaf blades of the flag leaf and the leaf below the flag leaf. There was no evidence for stomatal exclusion as a crucial factor in the relatively low infectibility of leaf sheaths to leaf-blade specialized rust species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051855
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