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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of depolarization-induced translocation of NRF-2 transcription factor in cultured rat visual cortical neurons (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-2 or GA-binding protein is a potential transcriptional, bigenomic coordinator of mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded subunits of cytochrome oxidase genes. It is composed of an α subunit that binds DNA and a β subunit that has the transactivating domain. Previously, we found that the level of NRF-2 paralleled that of cytochrome oxidase under normal and functionally altered states. The goal of our present study was to increase the resolution to the ultrastructural level and to quantify changes before and after depolarizing stimulation. We used a pre-embedding immunogold–silver method for the two subunits of NRF-2 in cultured rat visual cortical neurons. NRF-2α and β were normally located in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. In the nucleus, both subunits were associated primarily with euchromatin rather than heterochromatin, consistent with active involvement in transcription. In the cytoplasm, they were associated mainly with free ribosomes and occasionally with the Golgi apparatus and the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. Labelling was not found in the mitochondria, confirming the specificity of the antibodies. Neuronal depolarization by KCl for 5 h induced a six- to seven-fold increase in the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of both subunits (P 〈 0.001) without increases in total labelling densities. These results strongly indicate that both NRF-2α and NRF-2β respond to increased neuronal activity by translocating from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where they engage in transcriptional activation of target genes. Our results also indicate that the cytoplasmic to nuclear movement of transcription factors is a dynamic process induced by neuronal activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03250.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α controls the development of a hepatic epithelium and liver morphogenesis (2003)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 34 (2003), S. 292-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Although advances have been made in understanding cell differentiation, only rudimentary knowledge exists concerning how differentiated cells form tissues and organs. We studied liver organogenesis because the cell and tissue architecture of this organ is well defined. Approximately 60% of the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1175
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cathodoluminescence-emitting lipid droplets in rat testis: a study by analytical color fluorescence electron microscopy (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 217-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Testis ; Electron microscopy ; Cathodoluminescence ; Lipid droplets ; Cholesterol esters ; Vitamin A esters ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cathodoluminescence (CL) from lipid droplets (LDs) in the rat testis was examined by analytical color fluorescence electron microscopy. The results show that (1) the Cl at wavelengths of 320 nm (CL320) and 450 nm (CL450) is derived from cholesterol esters and a mixture of lipids including vitamin A esters, respectively; (2) CL320 in the LDs of Leydig cells sharply decreases on postnatal day 21, while CL320 and CL450 in the LDs of Sertoli cells begin to be detectable; (3) the CL450-emitting LDs in seminiferous tubules, whose distributional patterns display cyclic changes during the spermatogenic cycle, are involved in spermatogenesis; and (4) the intensity of CL as well as the distributional patterns of CL-emitting LDs in testicular cells change after hypophysectomy, vitamin-A deficiency, and treatment with ethylene dimethane sulfonate and testosterone propionate. This study demonstrates that analytical color fluorescence electron microscopy is a useful tool for in-vivo observation of some specific compounds which cannot be visualized by other methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318608
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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