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  • 1
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: From light and electron microscopic studies on perirenal fat from human donors 27, 39, and 47 years old, unequivocal evidence is found for the presence of islands of multilocular adipocytes. After glyoxylic acid condensation for visualisation of biogenic amines, catecholaminergic nerve plexuses were demonstrated around the arteries of supply to these islands and within the intercellular spaces between their constituent adipocytes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the cytology of these adipocytes to be similar to that of brown adipocytes in rodents. These findings are viewed in the light of a possible energetic potential for brown adipose tissue in the human adult.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 219 (1987), S. 331-337 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Studies on the development of brown and white adipose: tissues and their relationship to ordinary connective tissue are the subject of the present review, which is updated to the fall of 1985. Primordial entities described as “primitive organs” have been noted at sites of adipose tissue development by numerous investigators. These “primitive organs” are clearly delineated from surrounding connective tissue and possess a well-defined vascular network in the interstices of which cellular organization takes place.The precursor cells of brown and white adipocytes appear to acquire their distinctive cytogenetic properties at a very early stage in the embryo. These progenitor cells temporarily exhibit structural similarities to fibroblasts and endothelial cells. This resemblance has led to speculation that fibroblasts and/or endothelial cells may be ancestral to adipocytes. However, recent in vivo and in vitro observations suggest that the brown adipose precursor cell is morphogenetically distinct from the white adipose precursor cell on one hand, and from fibroblasts and endothelial cells on the other.In vitro studies have also shown that the pericytic elements present in both brown and white adipose tissue depots in the adult are quiescent precursor cells that may be recruited under certain circumstances. Areas for further inquiry by means of recently developed techniques are indicated.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 220 (1988), S. 357-363 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The surface area of stored triglyceride and the volume of capillaries in the interscapular brown fat pad of the rat have been adopted as morphological indices of the overall thermogenic capability of the tissue. The present study examines the relationship between the chronological profiles of these parameters and reported senile changes in the biochemical and physiological characteristics of brown adipose tissue.Lipid droplet surface density and vascular volume density were estimated by computer-assisted planimetry with electron micrographs prepared from interscapular brown adipose tissue samples obtained from rats of various ages. The volumes of the fat pad at these ages were also determined and used to calculate droplet surface areas and vascular volumes.Triglyceride surface area showed a 20-fold enhancement in the early postnatal period (0.44 × 102 cm2 at birth; 9.43 × 102 cm2 at 4 weeks). A further but less remarkable increase occurred in adulthood (11.67 × 102 cm2 at 6 months) and, in old age, only a slight fall was noted (9.66 × 102 cm2 at 2 years). Intralobular capillary volume also rose sharply early during the first week after birth, reaching a peak at 4 weeks (2.40 × 10-2 cm3). The values recorded in adulthood and old age (1.90 × 10-2 cm3 at 6 months; 1.76 × 10-2 cm3 at 2 years) were not significantly different from that obtained at 4 weeks of age.These results show that the attainment of maximum values of lipid droplet surface area and vascular volume in rat interscapular brown adipose tissue coincides with the period of the tissue's peak metabolic capacity. However, although the thermogenic requirements of the older animal are less than those of the young, the relative constancy of these parameters in adulthood is consistent with the persistent ability of brown adipose tissue to respond to appropriate stimuli by hyperemia and rapid intracellular lipid mobilization.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 182 (1988), S. 283-293 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The innervation of rat interscapular brown adipose tissue has been studied by light and fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy after treatment with “false” adrenergic neurotransmitters 5- and 6-hydroxydopamine. The vascular markers neoprene latex and thioflavin S were used to define the blood vascular arrangements within and around the tissue.Catecholaminergic innervation was revealed by fluorescence microscopy at both parenchymal and vasomotor sites. In animals injected with 6-hydroxydopamine, this catecholaminergic fluorescence was extinguished in the parenchymal nerve distribution and markedly reduced in the vasomotor plexus.Identification of an extensive network of noradrenergic vasomotor and parenchymal nerve terminals was established by electron microscopy after 5- and 6-hydroxydopamine administration, but unmarked terminals were also observed in both distributions. These unmarked terminals might represent an additional nonnoradrenergic nerve supply to interscapular brown adipose tissue.The thoracodorsal veins draining the fat pads are directly tributary to a large median perforating vein, which joins the azygos vein, and are also continuous with the axillary vein. In addition to the recognized vascular distribution pattern of lobular arteries supplying an abundant capillary plexus drained by lobular veins, direct arteriovenous anastomoses were observed within the interscapular brown fat pad. It is postulated that these additional vascular arrangements are determinant in the phenomenal increase in blood flow through brown adipose tissue during metabolic stimulation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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