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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 106 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To investigate the distribution and the role of macrophage inflammatory protein-la (MIP- 1α) in human endometrium during cyclic changes.Setting Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shiga University of Medical Science and University Hospital.Materials Eighteen endometrial tissue specimens surgically resected or biopsied from women with normal menstrual cycles, without hormonal disorder or endometrial diseases.Methods By immunohistochemistry, using monoclonalantibodies (lambda delta 78 for MIP-la and CR3/43 for human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR)).Results Immunoreactivity for anti-MIP-lα was distributed diffusely in epithelial cells throughout the proliferative and secretory phases but was absent during menstruation due to degenerative or necrotic changes. HLA-DR was expressed in epithelial cells only in the late secretory phase and was not expressed in stromal cells.Conclusion Immunohistochemicalanalysis showed the presence of MIP- lα in the endometrial epithelium. Expression of HLA-DR in epithelial cells was observed only in the late secretory phase, suggesting that accumulation of MIP-lα in epithelium occurred by self production and not via a receptor mediated pathway. MIP-lα was released from the denuded epithelium during menstruation and appeared to contribute to the accumulation of monocytes/macrophages into the endometrial cavity. MIP-la has a number of biological effects other than monocytic chemotaxis, and some of these effects may be exerted in the endometrial tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08374.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between the day of embryo transfer and the outcome in human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 11 (1994), S. 401-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: human in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) ; day of ET ; pregnancy rate ; live-birth rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose To clarify the optimal date of embryo transfer (ET), we retrospectively analyzed the relationship between the day of ET and the outcome in human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Method Of a total of 307 human IVF-ET cycles performed at Kyoto University Hospital between January 1990 and March 1994, we focused on 207 cases of IVF-ET cycles in which two or three good-quality embryos were transferred. These 207 IVF-ET cycles consisted of 54 Day 2 ET cycles, 79 Day 3 ET cycles, 46 Day 4 ET cycles, and 28 Day 5 ET cycles. We compared the pregnancy and live-birth (plus ongoing pregnancy) rates among these four ET groups. Results The pregnancy rates of ET on Days 2 to 4 were not significantly different, whereas Day 5 ET produced a significantly lower pregnancy rate (Day 2, 29.6%; Day 3, 32.9%; Day 4, 30.4%; Day 5, 10.7%). Similar results were obtained for the live-birth (plus ongoing pregnancy) rates (Day 2, 20.3%; Day 3, 18.9%; Day 4, 17.9%; Day 5, 7.1%). Conclusions These results suggest that the day of ET does not fundamentally affect the pregnancy rate in human IVF-ET provided that transfer is made before Day 5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02211726
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental blockage of mouse embryos caused by fatty acids (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 11 (1994), S. 482-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: mouse embryos ; developmental blockage ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; lipid peroxidation ; antioxidants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose It has been shown that lipid peroxides derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) inhibit the proliferation of various cells. In the meantime, it has been suggested that oxidative stress is closely related to the developmental blockage of mammalian embryos cultured in vitro. In this study, we investigated the effects of various fatty acids on mouse embryo development in vitro, and the reversal of these effects by various antioxidants such as Superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, uric acid, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Methods Pronuclear and two-cell stage mouse (ICR) embryos were cultured in Biggers-Whitten-Whittingham medium with 0.3% bovine serum albumin alone or complexed with one of the following fatty acids: palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, or arachidonic acid. We also measured the fluorescence emission of embryos in media containing various fatty acids in order to investigate the involvement of H 2 O 2 or lipid peroxidation in embryo development. Results Palmitic acid and PUFAs including linoleic acid inhibited the embryo development. The inhibitory effect of PUFAs was attenuated by adding antioxidants into the media, while the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid was not. Both pronuclear and two-cell stage embryos with PUFAs showed markedly more intensive emissions than those under other conditions. Conclusions These results suggest that lipid radicals can easily be generated in early stage embryos and that blastomeres are among the cells vulnerable to the damage by lipid peroxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02215713
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of water quality on in vitro fertilization and embryo development for the mouse (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 4 (1987), S. 40-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: water quality ; water analysis ; mouse in vitro fertilization ; mouse embryo culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mouse in vitro fertilization and embryo culture were performed in media prepared with five different water preparations. The results of the experiments improved with the frequency of distillation. Each water preparation was analyzed by the measurement of the electrical conductivities and inorganic ion concentrations and by high-performance liquid chromatography to examine the mutual relation between water quality and the method of water purification. The best results were obtained with Milli-Q water, which had the lowest concentration of inorganicions and organic compounds. On the contrary, unexpected contamination by organic compounds and zinc ions occurred after multiple distillation, possibly leached from the glassware and silicon tube. The hatching rate seemed to be an appropriate indicator to assess the biological qualities of media for the development of embryos cultured in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01555434
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of prolactin during preincubation of mouse spermatozoa on fertilizing capacity in vitro (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 6 (1989), S. 92-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: prolactin (PRL) ; spermatozoa ; in vitro fertilization (IVF) ; mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the present study, some beneficial effects of mouse prolactin (PRL) on spermatozoa were demonstrated in mice. The motility rate of spermatozoa is well maintained during incubation in modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (mKRB) containing PRL (10 or 100 ng/ml) for up to 120 min. When spermatozoa that had been preincubated in the same PRL-containing mKRB were incubated with oocytes in mKRB, significantly more spermatozoa attached to the zona pellucida of each oocyte. When spermatozoa that had been preincubated in mKRB with PRL (50 and 100 ng/ml) for only 15 or 30 min were used for in vitro fertilization (IVF), significantly higher fertilization rates were yielded by those spermatozoa than by control spermatozoa preincubated without PRL for the same periods. The prolongation of the preincubation period did not result in increased fertilization rates. Thus, PRL demonstrated biological effects on spermatozoa by shortening the optimal preincubation period for spermatozoa to acquire capacitation and by maintaining their motility and ability of the attachment to the oocyte during IVF. The results are relevant to clinical application of PRL for infertile patients with oligozoospermia or asthenozoospermia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01130733
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influences of prolactin upon spermatogenesis and spermatozoa during in vitro fertilization in mice (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 5 (1988), S. 61-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: prolactin ; gametogenesis ; spermatozoa ; in vitro fertilization ; mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hyperprolactinemia, induced by pituitary isografts for 20 weeks in male mice and confirmed by radioimmunoassay using anti-mouse prolactin serum, did not impair spermatogenesis in the testis and maturing processes of spermatozoa in the epididymis. Incubation of freshly obtained epididymal spermatozoa for 90 min in culture media containing various levels of mouse prolactin did not yield any adverse effects on percentage motility rates of epididymal spermatozoa. When the level of mouse prolactin in the preincubation medium for epididymal spermatozoa was 100 ng/ml, the rate of fertilization by these preincubated spermatozoa in the subsequent in vitro fertilization experiment was significantly lowered compared with that observed in controls. However, when the level of prolactin in preincubation media was 10 ng/ml, no significant reduction in the rate of fertilization occurred. The present experiments seem to indicate the existence of some differences in the effects of prolactin on male germ cells until they reach the tail of the epididymis and on the processes of capacitation and/or fertilization by epididymal spermatozoa after they leave the epididymis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01130660
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of superoxide dismutase on mouse in vitro fertilization and embryo culture system (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 9 (1992), S. 274-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: superoxide dismutase ; oxidative stress ; sperm motility ; mouse in vitro fertilization ; two-cell block
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Methods We performed incubation of mouse epididymal spermatozoa, in vitro fertilization, and further cultivation in Biggers—Whitten—Whittingham's medium supplemented with various concentrations of Cu · Zn—SOD.
    Abstract: Results High concentrations (2000 µg/ml or more) of SOD prevented loss of motility in mouse sperm over time. The addition of SOD (less than 2000 µg/ml) to the basic medium showed no significant difference in the fertilization rate. Also, no significant difference was observed in the rate of polyspermy or parthenogenesis between the basic and the SOD-supplemented media. However, 18% of the two-cell-stage embryos developed to the expanded blastocyst stage in the 500 µg/ml SOD-supplemented medium, while no blastocysts were found in the basic medium. Furthermore, the addition of SOD 7 hr after insemination increased the expanded blastocyst rate (28%).
    Notes: Purpose We recently found that, for mouse embryos fertilized in vivo, the two-cell block could be attenuated by adding superoxide dismutase (SOD), a scavenger of superoxide radicals, to the culture medium. In this study, we evaluated the effects of SOD on the process of fertilization and on the further development of the embryos fertilized in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01203828
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental potential of frozen-thawed human blastocysts (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 12 (1995), S. 239-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: cryopreservation ; human embryos ; blastocyst ; embryo development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose To examine the possibility of freezing human embryos at late cleaved stages (morula or blastocyst stage), we cryopreserved human embryos 5 days (day 5) or 6 days (day 6) after insemination and investigated their developmental potential after thawing. Materials and Methods One hundred nineteen morphologically good-quality human embryos from 43 women undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment between 1991 and 1992 were frozen using dimethylsulfoxide as a cryoprotectant. The embryos were cryopreserved for 5 to 30 months. After thawing they were then cultured in vitro for 24 hr to investigate their developmental potential. Survival rates and developmental rates were morphologically assessed after 24 hr of in vitro culture. Results Developmental rates were significantly (P 〈0.01 or P 〈0.05) lower than survival rates at every developmental stage. There was no difference in total survival rates between embryos frozen 5 days after insemination (78.2%; 54/69) and embryos frozen 6 days after insemination (70.0%; 35/54). However, the developmental rates after 24 hr of culture was significantly (P 〈0.05) lower for embryos frozen 6 days after insemination (6.0%; 3/50) than for embryos frozen 5 days after insemination (18.8%; 13/69). Only two embryos developed into fetuses after transfer into the uterus (1.7%; 2/119). Conclusions From the results, the developmental potential of frozen-thawed human blastocysts was found to be significantly reduced, even though the blastocysts were of morphologically good quality. Longer in vitro exposure of embryos appears to reduce their developmental potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02212925
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential observation of mitochondrial distribution in mouse oocytes and embryos (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 10 (1993), S. 417-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: mouse oocyte and embryo ; rhodamine 123 ; mitochondrial translocation ; developmental arrest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Materials and Methods Mouse oocytes and embryos were recovered sequentially from mice and stained with the vital fluorescent mitochondrial stain rhodamine 123. Mitochondrial staining pattern were classified into three types: aggregation (Ag), homogeneous (H), and perinuclear accumulation (PA).
    Abstract: Results Sequential observations revealed that mitochondria of oocytes and embryos grown in vivo translocated in the cytoplasm during the cell cycle, showing the H pattern be fore human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration, the PA pattern 8–9 hr post-hCG, the H pattern again 10–14 hr post-hCG, and the PA pattern again 24 and 31–32 hr post-hCG following fertilization. In the twocell stage, the Ag pattern was shown 35 hr post-hCG, the H pattern was observed 40 hr post-hCG, and the PA pattern was found 48 hr post-hCG. In the embryos cultured in vitro and showing developmental block, mitochondrial translocation was shown to be inhibited after they aggregated in the early two-cell stage (35 hr post-hCG). Moreover, the translocation of mitochondria was restored by the addition of superoxide dismutase or thioredoxin to the culture medium. Both of these enzymes have already been shown to have the ability to overcome developmental block.
    Notes: Objective The purpose of this study was to elucidate changes in the distribution of mitochondria through the cell cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01228092
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blocking effect of sperm immobilizing antibodies on sperm penetration of human zonae pellucidae (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 5 (1988), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: sperm immobilizing antibody ; zona pellucida ; acrosome reaction ; highly concentrated salt solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the mechanism of the blocking effect of sperm immobilizing antibodies on human fertilization, an in vitro zona penetration test was carried out using media containing the IgG fraction extracted from sperm immobilizing antibody-negative or-positive serum. The sperm penetration rate of the test was 100% (6/6) when spermatozoa were treated with the IgG fraction derived from sperm immobilizing antibody-negative serum, whereas it was only 17% (1/6) when spermatozoa were treated with the IgG fraction derived from sperm immobilizing antibody-positive serum. Electron microscopic observation of the sperm immobilizing antibody-negative and-positive serum-treated spermatozoa showed that the number of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa was significantly greater in the sperm immobilizing antibody-negative serum than in the antibody-positive serum. Therefore, it appears that one of the blocking mechanisms of the spermatozoal penetration of the zona pellucida by sperm immobilizing antibodies may be due to inhibition of the acrosome reaction in the spermatozoa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01131173
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