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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulatory Effects of Exogenous Thyroid Hormone and Growth Hormone on sn-Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in the Genetic-Hypothyroid Mutant Mouse Cerebellum: Restricted to the Second 20 Days of Postnatal Life (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 59 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We recently reported that by postnatal day 40 the activity of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) was significantly depressed in the cerebellum of genetic-hypothyroid mutant mice. This mutant mouse-GPDH combination was used in the present study to define the critical time period during which thyroid hormone (T4) and growth hormone (GH) are essential for maturation of Bergmann glial cells. Our findings are that (a) induction of GPDH activity in the Bergmann glial cell is dependent on T4, (b) T4 is most effective when administered during the second 20 days of postnatal life, (c) the effect of GH on GPDH activity is complementary to or synergistic with that of T4, and (d) Bergmann glial cells and radial glial fibers of the mutant mice contain immunoreactive GPDH following various hormonal treatments. These results suggest that T4 is indispensable for the maturation of Bergmann glial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10087.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulatory Effects of Growth Hormone and Thyroxine on the Concentration of Gangliosides in the Snell Dwarf Cerebrum (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The concentration of gangliosides in the Snell dwarf mouse cerebrum was monitored from postnatal day 5 to day 40. In the dwarf cerebrum, the concentration of total gangliosides increased up to postnatal day 20 and then stopped, whereas in the control cerebrum, it continued to increase up to postnatal day 40. At postnatal day 40, the ganglioside level in the dwarf cerebrum was 70% of that in the control cerebrum. Among the ganglioside species, the concentrations of GM4, GM2, GM1, GD1a, GD3, GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b were significantly lower in the dwarf cerebrum than in the controls at postnatal day 40. The reduced concentrations of ganglioside species GM2, GD1a, GD3, GD1b, and GQ1b, were completely restored by administration of bovine growth hormone (GH) during the first 20 days of postnatal life. The reduced concentration of the GM1 and GM4 species were most efficiently restored by administration of bovine GH plus thyroxine (T4) during the second 20 days of postnatal life. These results indicate that the lower ganglioside concentrations in the dwarf cerebrum can be elevated by hormone therapy and that there exist distinct GH and T4 actions on the enzymes participating in ganglioside metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13089.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial Restoration of Cerebral Myelination of the Congenitally Hypothyroid Mouse by Parenteral or Breast Milk Administration of Thyroxine (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 45 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We attempted to define whether thyroid hormone can ameliorate the cerebral hypomyelination present in the congenitally hypothyroid (hyt) neonatal mouse, and to define the critical time period during early postnatal life when thyroxine (T4) is essential for myelin formation. We administered T4) to the hyt mouse by breast milk during the first 20 days of postnatal life, and through the diet during the second 20 days of postnatal life. Positive results were obtained only when hormone was given during the first 20 days of postnatal life. A distinct increase in cerebral 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphohy drolase activity was noted, and brain sections stained for myelin basic protein correlated with the biochemical findings. The later administration of hormone through diet was ineffective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb07208.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of photoinduced molecular switching in a single monolayer by a displacement-current-measuring technique (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 95 (1991), S. 8561-8567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The optical molecular switching in single monolayers containing azobenzene derivatives at the air water interface due to photoinduced cis-trans isomerization was detected by using a displacement-current-measuring technique. The reversible displacement current generation was found to be sustained by the alternative applications of ultraviolet light and visible light, whereas, the current generation was never initiated by the successive irradiation of ultravilolet or visible light. In order to clarify the physical mechanism relevant to the displacement current generation, the optical molecular switching in single monolayers deposited on solid substrates was also examined by the displacement-current-measuring technique using a (indium tin oxide)/monolayer/air-gap/(indium tin oxide) structure. As a result, the displacement-current generation from single monolayers deposited on the solid substrates was found to be initiated in a similar manner as that from monolayers formed on the water surface. Finally, we concluded that the technique developed here will be used for a better understanding of the relationship between the structure and function of monolayers and will also be used in future molecular electronic technologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.461234
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postnatal Action of Growth and Thyroid Hormones on the Retarded Cerebral Myelinogenesis of Snell Dwarf Mice (dw) (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 38 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Snell dwarf mice (dw) showed a lower CNPase activity (59% of the normal controls) only in the cerebrum among different parts of the CNS, and a strikingly reduced level of spontaneous locomotion activity with an indistinct diurnal periodicity in a 24-h record at 40 days of age. Daily administration of bGH and T4 to the dwarfs during the first 40 days of postnatal life restored CNPase activity to the level of the normal controls, and was accompanied by normalization of the pattern of spontaneous locomotion activity. Daily administration of bGH alone also restored CNPase activity and spontaneous locomotion, but to a lesser extent. The daily administration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) alone, however, failed to restore CNPase activity, in spite of the fact that the thyroid glands of the TSH-treated dwarfs were indistinguishable from the normal controls in organization and appearance. These results indicate that the restoration of both the retarded myelinogenesis and abnormal behavior of the Snell dwarf mice might essentially depend upon GH levels and the synergistic effects of T4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb10878.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Bovine Growth Hormone on the Retarded Cerebral Development Induced by Neonatal Hydrocortisone Intoxication (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 38 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: In comparison with normal controls, hydrocortisone-intoxicated rats (HC rats) had smaller cerebra, lowered 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphohydrolase (CNPase) activity, and greatly reduced learning ability. The reduction in cerebral weight and DNA content was considered to be caused by a decrease in the number of proliferating glial cells, because the usual postnatal elevation of thymidine kinase (TK) activity was found to be suppressed in the cerebra from the HC rats. Electron microscopic observation of the pituitary gland revealed that the 5-day-old HC rat contained growth hormone (GH) secretory cells which were fully packed with GH granules, suggesting a disorder in the system which releases GH. In an attempt to promote cerebral development in the HC rats, we administered bovine GH (bGH) to some of the HC rats daily from the day of birth until weaning (HC + bGH rats). In the HC + bGH rats, the cerebral DNA was restored to normal levels and a concomitant increase in TK and CNPase activity was noted. Furthermore, in the brightness discrimination test, whereas the HC + bGH rats attained the learning ability of the normal controls after only 10 sessions, the HC rats were unable to reach an equivalent level even after 25 sessions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb10877.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors Contributing to the Poor Myelination in the Brain of the Snell Dwarf Mouse (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 39 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Conventional histological examination of the pituitary does not distinguish Snell dwarf mutants (dw/dw) from their normal littermates (+/?) in the neonatal stage. However, immunohistochemical examination of pituitaries of litters born to heterozygous Snell parents revealed that in approximately 25% of the glands examined, the number of positive cells was very low in the neonatal stage. We attempted to delineate the events resulting in the poor myelination in the brain of the Snell dwarf mouse, and to devise an immunohistochemical method for identifying the mutant neonate. Differences in the brain weights of the dw/dw and +/? mice first became apparent on the 10th day of age, and from this time on no further increase in the weight of the dwarf mouse brain was recorded. Increase in CNPase activity was found to be suppressed in the cerebrum and brain stem throughout the developmental stage, but not in the other parts of the brain. The yield of isolated myelin decreased by 58% in the mutant mouse, but CNPase activity was equivalent to that of control myelin. Differences in DNA content per cerebrum from the dw/dw and +/? mice first became apparent on the 10th day of age. Henceforth, the dw/dw mice showed no further increase, although the +/? mice continued to increase. [3H]Thymidine incorporation into the DNA fraction in vivo on the 7th day of age, when glial cell proliferation in the cerebrum is most active, was suppressed to about 50% of the control level in all parts of the dwarf brain. These findings indicate that the poor myelination found in the mutant cerebrum is a hypomyelination due to reduced oligodendroglial proliferation caused by lack of circulating growth hormone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb08004.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypomyelination in the Cerebrum of the Congenitally Hypothyroid Mouse (hyt) (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 42 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: 2′,3′-Cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphohydrolase activity in the cerebrum of the inherited primary hypothyroid mouse (hyt/hyt) is reduced in comparison with the normal heterozygate (hyt/+). No differences were observed with regard to DNA and RNA content and the RNA/DNA ratio. The results of this study indicate that hypomyelination in the hypothyroid mouse is restricted to the cerebrum, and is not related to arrested glial proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb02768.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of Maxwell displacement current across an azobenzene monolayer by photoisomerization (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 353 (1991), S. 645-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] According to Maxwell's electromagnetic field theory6, the total current flowing across a monolayer is the sum of the conduction current and displacement current. The conduction current is the steady-state current, and it is generated by applying a potential difference between two electrodes which ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/353645a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microcephalic cerebrum with hypomyelination in the growth hormone-deficient mouse (lit) (1985)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 10 (1985), S. 1097-1106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine whether GH has an independent action on cerebral development, we examined the central nervous system of thelittle mouse (lit), a promissing model of isolated growth hormone deficiency. Our findings are (A); the weights of two parts of thelit brain were significantly less than those of the normal controls, 81.5% less for the cerebrum, and 81.6% for the cerebellum, (B): the total DNA content was reduced to approximately 80% in the cerebrum and 84% in the cerebellum compared to those of the normal controls, (C); the total RNA content was also reduced in the cerebrum and cerebellum, proportional to the reduction in DNA, (D); CNPase activity was reduced selectively in the cerebrum of thelit mouse (74.4% of the normal control), and (E); thelit mice exhibited a strikingly reduced level of activity with an indistinct diurnal periodicity. These results indicate that GH has independent actions on cerebral development, especially on glial cell proliferation as a precondition of myelin formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00965884
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