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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5-HT2 and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in the living human brain (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 110 (1993), S. 265-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: PET ; Positron emission tomography ; Human brain ; Dopamine receptors ; Serotonin receptors ; Risperidone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It has been suggested that a combined blockade of 5-HT2 and D2 dopamine receptors may be superior to D2 dopamine antagonists alone in the treatment of schizophrenia. Risperidone, which has a high affinity for 5-HT2 and D2 dopamine receptors in vitro, is a new antipsychotic drug that has been developed according to this hypothesis. The aim of this study was to examine if risperidone indeed induces 5-HT2 and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in vivo in humans. Central receptor occupancy was examined by positron emission tomography (PET) in three healthy men after oral administration of 1 mg risperidone. [11C]N-methylspiperone ([11C]NMSP) was used as a radioligand for determination of 5-HT2 receptor occupancy in the neocortex. Both an equilibrium ratio analysis and a kinetic three-compartmental analysis indicated a 5-HT2 receptor occupancy about 60%. [11C]raclopride was used as a radioligand for determination of D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in the striatum and the calculated occupancy was about 50%. This is the first quantitative determination of 5-HT2 receptor occupancy induced by an antipsychotic drug in the living human brain. The results indicate that 5-HT2 receptor occupancy should be very high at the dose level of 4–10 mg risperidone daily, as suggested for clinical use. Risperidone is thus an appropriate compound for clinical evaluation of the benefit of combined 5-HT2 and D2 dopamine receptor blockade in the treatment of schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02251280
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A PET-study of [11C]FLB 457 binding to extrastriatal D2-dopamine receptors in healthy subjects and antipsychotic drug-treated patients (1997)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 133 (1997), S. 396-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words [11C]FLB 457 ; D2-dopamine receptors ; Human ; Positron emission tomography ; Neuroleptic drug
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We recently developed [11C]FLB 457 a substituted benzamide with the very high affinity of 20 pM for D2-dopamine receptors in vitro. The aim of the present exploratory study was to examine the anatomical distribution of [11C]FLB 457 binding in the human brain and to determine extrastriatal D2-receptor occupancy in antipsychotic drug-treated patients. [11C]raclopride was used to obtain reference values for D2-dopamine receptor occupancy in the putamen. After IV injection of [11C]FLB 457 there was a high concentration of radioactivity, not only in the caudate putamen but also in the thalamus and the temporal cortex. The concentration of radioactivity in the frontal cortex, the substantia nigra and the colliculi was slightly higher than in the cerebellum. Pretreatment with haloperidol and fluphenazine indicated that [11C]FLB 457 binding in extrastriatal regions to a high degree represents specific binding to D2-dopamine receptors. The D2-occupancy in antipsychotic drug-treated patients was on the same level in the thalamus and the temporal cortex as that determined with [11C]raclopride in the putamen. The study shows that [11C]FLB 457 has potential for quantitative PET-examination of D2-dopamine receptors in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050420
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple use of plants: Studies on selenium incorporation in some agricultural species for the production of organic selenium compounds (1991)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 41 (1991), S. 69-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: selenium ; nutrition ; plant spraying ; multiple use ; Helianthus tuberosus ; Medicago sativa ; Brassica napus ; polarography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The technique of spraying plants with inorganic forms of selenium can be employed for phytochemical production of organic selenium compounds. Fractionation of the plant material makes it possible to produce a highly concentrated and well defined selenium supplement with potential use in animal and human nutrition. The fractionation also gives opportunities to combine production of organic selenium compounds with other products, for example plant fibres. Multiple use of plants can contribute to a more efficient utilization of land area (in comparison to monocultures solely adapted to food production). It also gives the opportunity to develop systems suitable for long term fixation of carbon, as long as the plant material is not reoxidised to carbon dioxide. Plant fibres could provide raw material for the production of paper or building materials in combination with the production of organic selenium compounds preferentially accumulated in another fraction of the processed plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02196384
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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