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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ACUTE IDIOPATHIC PORPHYRIA COMPLICATING PREGNANCY (1955)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 62 (1955), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1955.tb14162.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upper oesophageal sphincter pressure and the effect of cricoid pressure (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Upper oesophageal sphincter pressure has been measured in 24 patients with a sleeve device. The median sphincter pressure when awake was 38 mmHg. and when anaesthetised and paralysed was 6 mmHg. After tracheal intubation, cricoid pressure was applied at measured values between 5 and 50 N using a hand-held cricoid yoke while the sphincter pressure was recorded in two head and neck positions: with and without a standard intubating pillow with neck support. A cricoid force of 40 N increased sphincter pressure to above 38 mmHg in all the patients and the use of the pillow did not alter this effect. With the application of cricoid pressure, operating department assistants raised sphincter pressure to above 38 mmHg in only 50% of patients. Laryngoscopy made little difference to the effect of cricoid pressure except in one patient in whom it reduced the sphincter pressure by 27 mmHg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02001.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upper oesophageal sphincter pressure during inhalational anaesthesia (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Upper oesophageal sphincter pressure was recorded with a Dent sleeve in 30 patients breathing nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothune. Twenty-three patients, after thiopentone induction, received suxamethonium and had their trachea intubated either before (group A, n = 11), or after (group B,n = 11), a study period of inhalational anaesthesia. Group C (n = 8 j received an inhalational induction. Mean (SD) sphincter pressure after loss of consciousness was 8 (7) mmHg (group A), 6 (5) mmHg (group B) and 24 (13) mmHg (group C) increasing to 79 (7) mmHg in group A immediately after intubation. With an end-tidal halothane concentration of 1.5%, mean sphincter pressure in group B, 16 (7) mmHg, was significantly lower than in group A, 45 (21) mmHg (p 〈 0.001 J and group C, 27 (14) mmHg (p 〈 0.05). Halothane had no dose-related effect on sphincter pressure. Insertion of a laryngeal mask in group C (n = 7) had no significant effect on sphincter pressure. Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia with halothane, unlike thiopentone or suxamethonium, maintained a degree of upper oesophageal sphincter tone, although three patients in this study had sphincter pressures of less than 10 mmHg and would therefore have been at risk of regurgitation in the presence of gastro-oesophageal reflux.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb03196.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upper oesophageal sphincter pressure and the intravenous induction of anaesthesia (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The upper oesophageal sphincter can prevent regurgitation of oesophageal contents into the pharynx following gastro-oesophageal reflux in the awake patient. Upper oesophageal sphincter pressure was recorded with a Dent sleeve after hypnosis with midazolam (n = 7) and also during the rapid intravenous induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone (n = 16) or ketamine (n = 7). Thiopentone decreased mean(SD) sphincter pressure from an awake value of 43(19) to 9(7) mmHg (p 〈 0.001) and midazolam from 38(25) to 7(3) mmHg (p〈0.02). Mean(SD) sphincter pressures before and after ketamine were not significantly different at 29(15) and 32(21) mmHg respectively. After suxamethonium mean(SD) sphincter pressure in all patients (n = 30) was 7(4) mmHg. Laryngoscopy (n = 30) caused a small increase in mean(SD) sphincter pressure to 13(10) mmHg (p 〈 0.001). Thiopentone caused a rapid fall in upper oesophageal sphincter pressure which usually started before loss of consciousness. These findings have implications for the timing of cricoid pressure application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02215.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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