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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental Human Plasmodium Falciparum Infections: Longitudinal Analysis of Lymphocyte Responses with Particular Reference to γδ T Cells (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The kinetics of the γδ T-cell response was analysed in the context of the overall haematological response in subjects experimentally infected with sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum. Numbers of γδ and αβ T cells and NK cells declined markedly during infection to reach minimum values 12–13 days post-infection when the patients were ill. This decline commenced from the beginning of the erythrocytic cycle and well before parasites could be detected microscopically and clinical symptoms developed. Platelet numbers also declined. In vivo activation of γδ T cells was evident with sequential up-regulation of the activation markers CD69 and HLA-DR. γδ T cell numbers were highest after treatment with the majority being CD4−CD8−, HLA-DR+ and showing reduced CD45RA expression. Contrary to some published observations γδ T-cell percentages remained within the normal range. Little evidence of up-regulation of activation or memory markers was observed in the αβ T-cell population. In vitro proliferative responses to malaria antigen which involve γδ T cells were lost as the infection progressed and the lymphocyte count declined but these could be restored with the addition of exogenous IL-2 to cultures. The authors findings are consistent with a protective and/or immunomodulatory role for γδ T cells in malaria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-24.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptide gradients in the human digestive mucosa
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 1 (1980), S. S82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-0115(80)90182-2
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutathione S-conjugate transport by cultured human cells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research 1224 (1994), S. 264-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4889
    Keywords: (Human cell) ; Cellular detoxification ; Glutathione conjugate transport ; Xenobiotic metabolism
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-4889(94)90199-6
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
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    The Aims and Content of Junior High School Geography. (1927)
    Macomb, Ill., etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of Geography. 26 (1927:Jan./Dec.) 314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-1341
    Topics: Geography
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:1129-1927-000-00-000020
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
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    Fire-Dances in Bulgaria - 1939 (1947)
    London, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Slavonic and East European review. 26 (1947/1948) 467 
    Details
    ISSN: 0037-6795
    Topics: History , Slavonic Studies
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:0072-1947-026-00-000029
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterisation of γδ T cells in renal cell carcinoma patients by polymerase chain reaction analysis of T cell receptor transcripts (1997)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 44 (1997), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words γδ T cell receptor transcripts ; Renal cell carcinoma ; Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes ; Polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) contain tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) but these are essentially immunosuppressed in that they do not generate effective antitumour immune responses in vivo. These TIL comprise predominantly αβ T cells, although γδ T cells are also present. The repertoire of γδ T cells in RCC, however, has not been fully investigated. To identify the γδ T cell populations infiltrating RCC, this study has characterised the γδ T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire expression in these tumours and compared this to autologous normal kidney and autologous peripheral blood. A semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction technique was used for amplification of rearranged TCR V-C mRNA transcripts. Primers specific for the four human TCR Vγ and six Vδ subfamilies were used, each in conjunction with a primer specific for either the Cγ or Cδ region. The specificity of the PCR products was confirmed by Southern blotting and hybridisation with an internal C region probe. A densitometry score was assigned to each DNA band and the level of V gene expression was determined as a ratio of Cδ gene expression. The γδ TCR expression in each sample was determined as a ratio of Cδ: glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase densitometry score. This demonstrated that TCR Cδ gene expression was significantly higher in RCC compared to normal kidney (P〈0.019), suggesting a selective infiltration of γδ T cells into the tumour. Furthermore, we observed differences in the TCR Vγ and Vδ repertoires between RCC and peripheral blood. Vγ1 expression was significantly decreased (P〈0.043) whereas there was an over-representation of Vγ4 transcripts (P〈0.028) in RCC compared to blood. A significant reduction in expression of both Vδ1 (P〈0.028) and Vδ3 (P〈0.051) was also observed within kidney tumour compared to peripheral blood. These findings show that expression of the γδ TCR repertoire in RCC differs from that in peripheral blood and normal kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002620050351
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal phenology and body-size of Orb-weaving spiders: Foraging constrains (1981)
    Springer
    Oecologia 49 (1981), S. 83-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Large orb-weaving spiders in temperate zones always mature in Autumn. A model based on laboratory feeding experiments and insect trap samples from an old-field in Michigan was used to simulate orb-weaver foraging behavior in various habitats and seasons. Seasons of peak energy return rates in habitats used by old-field orb-weavers indicate that prey availability plays a role in determining phenologies of large spiders. The minimum body-size to which the constraint applies in the model corresponds to the lower size-range of strictly Autumn-maturing orb-weaver species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376902
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-adapted foraging traits in a guild of orb-weaving spiders (1981)
    Springer
    Oecologia 49 (1981), S. 88-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary From a previous two-species comparison, specific suites of morphological and web design traits are predicted to characterize foraging specializations in old-field orb-weaving spiders. Species with stout legs, large fangs, open mesh webs, high webs, and retreats should specialize on innocuous, rapidly escaping prey types. Species with long legs, small fangs, dense mesh webs, and low webs that rest in the hub should specialize on dangerous, clumsy prey that escape from webs slowly. Factor and discriminant analyses are used to test for these association patterns in eight co-occurring species of old-field orb-weavers. The association between most of the characters is supported, but the appearance of a new combination suggests that another dimension needs to be added to the model. Habitat use and diet predicted by the model are tested for species where data are available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376903
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