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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Mucormycosis ; Hemoptysis ; Hemodialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 38 year old female patient died following massive hemoptysis occurring during maintenance hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. In addition to renal dysfunction, laboratory data showed low levels of serum immunoglobulins; chest X-rays did not reveal any abnormal shadows. For the last 11 months, the patient had not received deferoxamine. At autopsy, major bronchi were plugged with coagulated blood. Irregular thickening of the right main bronchial wall close to the lung hilus was noted. Light microscopic examination disclosed mycotic granulomata in the bronchial wall, where the pulmonary arterial wall was also involved. Immunostaining using specific antibody identifiedMucor hyphae. The mucormycosis is a serious complication of chronic renal failure and hemodialyis. In the current case, it is likely that immune dysfunction rather than deferoxamine was the important predisposing factor to the growth of the fungus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 119 (1993), S. 627-629 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Epstein-Barr virus ; Renal transplantation ; Gastric cancer ; Lymphocyte-determined membrane antigen gene ; Latent membrane protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eight secondary malignancies developing after renal transplantation were investigated in terms of a possible role of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In five cases, four gastric cancers and one colonic cancer, the presence of EBV was proven by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), all four gastric lesions being confirmed to have a massive EBV infection by in situ hydridization. Two cases demonstrated monoclonal infection with EBV, as indicated by a single band of the lymphocyte-defined membrane antigen tandem-repeat gene using PCR, and were immunohistochemically positive for the latente membrane protein 1. Our series suggests that gastrointestinal cancer predominates as a secondary malignancy in states of induced severe immunosuppression, and that EBV may play an important role in tumorigenesis as an oncovirus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to estimate the frequency of fungal infections among cancer patients, a survey of autopsy examinations was conducted in multiple institutions in Europe, Japan and Canada. Fungal infections were identified most often in leukemic patients and transplant recipients (25 % each). Fifty-eight percent of fungal infections were caused byCandida spp. and 30 % byAspergillus spp. There was considerable variability in the frequency of fungal infections in different countries. Nevertheless, this study clearly demonstrates that fungal infections represent a common complication in cancer patients, especially in patients with leukemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 25 (1978), S. 229-245 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Optimal control ; nonlinear large systems ; decomposition and coordination ; modification of performance index ; improvement of convergence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper proposes a coordination algorithm for multilevel control of a nonlinear dynamical system. The overall system under consideration is composed of subsystems with relatively strong interactions or relatively strong nonlinearities, or both. The objective is to minimize a performance index of quadratic type. The idea of the present algorithm is to replace the system variables associated with interactions and nonlinearities by artificially introducedinteraction variables and to decompose the overall problem into a number of smaller and simpler subproblems. At the same time, the appearance of the performance index is modified by using the interaction variables. Parameters, called weights, are introduced into the modified performance index. Choice of the values of these parameters has significant influence on the convergence rate of the algorithm, and hence is one of the major factors determining the total computing time. The interaction variables are adjusted directly by a nearly steepest-descent algorithm, without using Jacobian matrix, until the interactions attain consistency. In the paper, some sufficient conditions for convergence of the iterative algorithm are discussed in detail, and several features of the present algorithm are illustrated by examining an example.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 27 (1979), S. 231-248 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Two-point boundary-value problems ; stiff systems ; time decomposition ; nonlinear optimal control problems ; interaction-coordination algorithm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An algorithm is proposed to solve a stiff linear two-point boundary-value problem (TPBVP). In a stiff problem, since some particular solutions of the system equation increase and others decrease rapidly as the independent variable changes, the integration of the system equation suffers from numerical errors. In the proposed algorithm, first, the overall interval of integration is divided into several subintervals; then, in each subinterval a sub-TPBVP with arbitrarily chosen boundary values is solved. Second, the exact boundary values which guarantee the continuity of the solution are determined algebraically. Owing to the division of the integration interval, the numerical error is effectively reduced in spite of the stiffness of the system equation. It is also shown that the algorithm is successfully imbedded into an interaction-coordination algorithm for solving a nonlinear optimal control problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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