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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new CO2 analyzer for measuring respiration rates in organic material (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3732-3736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this article, we present a new CO2 analyzer which can be used for monitoring respiration rates in organic material. To demonstrate the potentiality of the analyzer, CO2 evolution of soil samples collected from three different edaphic environments were measured. The results obtained with this compact CO2 analyzer were compared with those carried out simultaneously using the chemical method, and the correlation between them has been established. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147140
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil processes as affected by replacement of natural mesquite ecosystem with maize crop (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 27 (1998), S. 274-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Mesquite ; Carbon dioxide production ; Nitrogen mineralization ; Microbial biomass carbon ; Nitrous oxide production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  In the central highlands of Mexico, the vegetation is dominated by mesquite (Prosopis spp.), a leguminous tree or shrub. An experiment was carried out to investigate how cultivating the land and the disappearance of the natural ecosystem affected the biological functioning of the soil. Soil was sampled from under the canopy of isolated (MESQ treatment) and densely growing mesquite trees (DENS treatment), from the surrounding soil not covered by the canopies of the trees (BARE treatment) and from adjacent land cultivated with maize (ARABLE treatment). Soil was characterized and then incubated aerobically for 39 days at 22±1  °C and CO2, N2O production, microbial biomass C and inorganic N concentrations were monitored. The organic C content was 2.3 times and 1.1 times greater in the MESQ and the BARE treatments, respectively, than in the ARABLE treatment, while microbial biomass C was 3.5 times and 1.3 times greater. The microbial biomass activity as expressed by CO2 production was 5.9 times and 3.9 times greater in the MESQ and the BARE treatments, respectively, than in the ARABLE treatment, while N mineralization, as witnessed by the increase in NO3 – concentrations, was 3.4 times and 1.7 times greater. No significant amounts of N2O were produced in any of the treatments. It was found that cultivating land characterized by the presence of mesquite changed its characteristics profoundly, and even soil not covered by tree canopies had higher microbial biomass C, and C and N mineralization than soil cultivated with maize and beans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050433
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical and biological characteristics of alkaline saline soils from the former Lake Texcoco as affected by artificial drainage (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 32 (2000), S. 102-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Alkaline saline soils ; Micro-organisms ; Characteristics ; C and N mineralization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Soils from the former Lake Texcoco are alkaline saline and were artificially drained and irrigated with sewage effluents since the late 1980s. Undrained soil and soil drained for 1, 5 and 8 years were sampled, characterized and incubated aerobically for 90 days at 22±1  °C while production of CO2, available P and concentrations of NH4 +, NO2 – and NO3 – were monitored. Artificial drainage decreased pHH2O, water holding capacity, organic C, total N, and Na+, K+, Mg2+, B, Cl– and SO4 2– concentrations, increased inorganic C and Ca2+ concentrations more than 5-fold while total P was not affected. Microbial biomass C decreased with increased length of drainage but bacteria, actinomycetes, denitrifiers and cellulose-utilizing bacteria tended to show opposite trends. CO2 production was less in soils drained ≥5 years compared to undrained soil but more than in soils drained for 1 year. Emission of NH3 was negligible and concentrations of NH4 + remained constant over time in each soil. Nitrification, as witnessed by increases in NO3 – concentrations, occurred in soil drained for 8 years. NO2 – concentrations decreased in soils drained ≤1 year in the first 7 days of the incubation and remained constant thereafter. It was found that artificial drainage of soils from the former Lake Texcoco profoundly affected soil characteristics. Decreases in pH and Na+, K+, Cl– and SO4 2– concentrations made conditions more favourable for plant growth, although low concentrations of inorganic N and available P might be limiting factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740000223
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Phosphorus and Endomycorrhiza (Glomus Intraradices) on gas exchange and plant growth of Chile Ancho Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L. cv. San Luis) (1999)
    Springer
    Photosynthetica 36 (1999), S. 441-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9058
    Keywords: fruit ; internal CO2 concentration ; leaf area ratio ; leaf number and area ; net photosynthetic rate ; phosphorus use efficiency ; root ; shoot ; stomatal conductance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seedlings of chile ancho pepper were grown in pots containing a pasteurized mixture of sand and a low phosphorus (P) sandy loam soil, and either inoculated (VAM) or not inoculated (NVAM) with the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices. Long Ashton nutrient solution (LANS) was modified to supply P to the seedlings at 0, 11, and 44 g(P) m-3 (P0, P11, P44, respectively). Low P depressed net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), phosphorus use efficiency (PN/P), and internal CO2 concentration (Ci). The mycorrhiza alleviated low P effects by increasing PN, gs, PN/P, and decreasing Ci. At P0, Ci of NVAM plants was equal to or higher than that of VAM plants, suggesting nonstomatal inhibition of photosynthesis. Gas exchange of VAM plants at P0 was similar to that of NVAM plants at P11. Endomycorrhiza increased leaf number, leaf area, shoot, root and fruit mass at P0 and P11 compared to NVAM plants. Reproductive growth was enhanced by 450 % in mycorrhizal plants at P44. Root colonization (arbuscules, vesicles, internal and extraradical hyphae development) was higher at lower P concentrations, while sporulation was unaffected. The enhanced growth and gas exchange of mycorrhizal plants was in part due to greater uptake of P and greater extraradical hyphae development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007032320951
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catclaw (Mimosa buincifiera): a pest or a means to restore soil fertility in heavily eroded soil from the central highlands of Mexico? (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 32 (2000), S. 109-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Catclaw ; Carbon dioxide production ; Inorganic N dynamics ; Soil microbial population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  In the central highlands of Mexico, heavily eroded soils are often colonized by catclaw (Mimosa buincifiera): an N2-fixing shrub. An experiment was carried out to investigate how this shrub affected characteristics of the soil and its biological functioning. Soil was sampled from outside and under the canopy of catclaw at three sites characterized by different degrees of erosion and an increase in plant density. The soil microbial biomass C, total amounts of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and free-living N2-fixing micro-organisms were measured, while production of CO2 and dynamics of nitrate (NO3 –), nitrite (NO2 –) and ammonium (NH4 +) were monitored in an aerobic incubation at 22±1  °C for 35 days. The C content was 1.6 times greater in the area with the largest density of plants and the least erosion (RECUP) compared with the site with the lowest density and greatest erosion (DEGR), while it was 1.2 times greater under the canopy of the catclaw than outside it (average of the three sites). The incorporation of N into the soil organic matter was greater under the canopy of the catclaw than outside it as the C:N ratio was on average 8.4 and 9. 1, respectively. The microbial biomass C, as a percentage of soil organic matter, was 1.5 times greater in the RECUP than in the DEGR site. Greatest total number of colony-forming bacteria and fungi (mean of organisms found under and outside the canopy) were found in the RECUP treatment and lowest in the DEGR treatment. Free-living N2-fixing organisms and actinomycetes showed opposite trends. Greater total numbers of colony-forming bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and free-living N2-fixing organisms (mean of the three treatments) were found under the canopy of catclaw than outside of it, Production of CO2 was 1.8 times greater in the RECUP than in the DEGR and 1.6 times greater under the canopy of catclaw than outside. Production of NO3 – was 1.3 times greater in the RECUP than in the DEGR and 3.5 times greater under the canopy of catclaw than outside. There was no significant effect of location or canopy on NO2 – and NH4 + concentrations. It is concluded that the natural vegetation of catclaw increased microbial biomass and soil organic matter content under, but also outside its canopy, and preserved N better, releasing greater amounts of inorganic N upon mineralization. Catclaw can serve as a first colonizer of heavily eroded soil and be replaced by other vegetation, natural or crops, when fertility is restored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740000224
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An efficient procedure for the isolation of PCR-competent DNA from Bacillus endospores germinated in soil (2000)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 16 (2000), S. 345-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Bacillus ; DNA ; endospores ; germination ; PCR ; soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract DNA extraction techniques for endospore-forming bacteria in soil are often labour-intensive and unreliable. Our objective in this work was to investigate whether good quality DNA could be obtained from spores germinated in soil. To this end, endospores from Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium and B. thuringiensis were inoculated into soil microcosms and germination was induced by addition of LB medium supplemented with l-alanine, glucose, fructose and KCl. Heat resistance count was reduced to 80% for B. subtilis and more than 90% for B. thuringiensis and B. megaterium after a few minutes. Isolation of DNA from soil with a procedure which did not work on spores was shown to be as efficient for in situ-germinated spores as for inoculated vegetative cells. Furthermore, we developed a simple procedure that allowed us to use the recovered DNA in PCR amplifications. The present methodology is simple and efficient; it avoids the use of special equipment and harsh spore rupturing methods and can be carried out with multiple samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008995920015
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