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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic promoting action and leukemogenesis in SWR mice by phorbol and structurally related polyfunctional diterpenes (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 95 (1979), S. 19-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Tumorpromoter ; Phorbol ; Diterpene ; Leukemogenesis cocarcinogens ; Tumorpromotor ; Cocarcinogene ; Phorbol ; Diterpen ; Leukämogenese
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Phorbol und sechs strukturverwandte Substanzen, die die polyfunktionellen Diterpene des Tiglian-, Ingenan- und Lathyrantyps repräsentieren, wurden an SWR-Mäusen auf systemische promovierende und leukämogene Wirkung geprüft. Zur systemischen Initiation wurde kurz nach Geburt 15 μg Dimethylnitrosamin (DMN) s.c. injiziert. Die Diterpene wurden i.p. entweder mit oder ohne vorhergehende Initiation mit DMN gegeben. Systemische Promotion für Leber zeigten alle geprüften Diterpene mit der Entstehung von Adenomen. Einige der Diterpene erwiesen sich wirksamer als Phorbol. Die relativ hohe Dosis von DMN, die als Initiator verwendet wurde, machte eine Auswertung bezüglich promovierender Wirkung auf die Lunge unmöglich. Die leukämogene Wirkung von Phorbol bei SWR Mäusen wurde für drei verschiedene Dosen bestätigt. Die übrigen Diterpene zeigten mit der jeweils geprüften Dosis keine signifikante leukämogene Wirkung. Die leukämogene Wirkung des Phorbols wurde durch vorausgehende DMN-Injektion vollständig verhindert. Die fehlende Korrelation zwischen promovierender Wirkung an Haut, systemischer promovierender Wirkung an Leber und leukämogener Wirkung der getesteten Diterpene wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Phorbol and six structurally related compounds representing the polyfunctional diterpenes of the tigliane, ingenane, and lathyrane types were tested for systemic promoting and leukemogenic activity in SWR mice. For systemic initiation soon after birth, 15 μg dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was injected s.c. The diterpenes were administered i.p. either with or without prior systemic initiation with DMN. Systemic promotion was expressed for liver by induction of adenomas with all the diterpenes tested, some of them being more potent than phorbol. The relatively high dose of DMN used as initiator prevented an evaluation of promoting action in relation to lung carcinogenesis. The leukemogenic effect of phorbol in SWR mice was confirmed at three different dose levels. The other diterpenes tested had no significant leukemogenic activity. The leukemogenic action of phorbol was totally inhibited by prior DMN injection. The lack of correlation between promoting action in skin, systemic promoting action in liver and leukemogenic action, among the diterpenes tested, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411105
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological assays for irritant tumor-initiating and -promoting activities (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 104 (1982), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Diterpene esters ; Irritant activity ; Structure-Activity relationships ; Tumor promoting activity ; Diterpenester ; irritierende Aktivität ; Strukturwirkungs-beziehungen ; tumorpromovierende Aktivität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der irritierenden Wirkung von einigen polyfunktionellen Diterpenestern auf dem Mausohr [Erythem-Auslösung, quantitativ gemessen als irritierende Dosis 50 (ID50)], und ihre Beziehung zur initiationspromovierenden Aktivität auf der Rückenhaut der NMRI-Maus wurde untersucht: 1) Ein sehr schnell einsetzendes, aber rasch abklingendes Erythem ist mit schwacher oder fehlender Promoter-Wirkung verbunden. 2) Ester, die ein schnell einsetzendes, aber langsam abklingendes Erythem verurschen, zeigen in den meisten Fällen mäßige bis starke initiationspromovierende Wirkung und 3) relativ spät einsetzende, aber anhaltende Erythem-Wirkung (bis mindestens 24 h) ist mit hoher promovierender Aktivität verbunden. Diese Ergebnisse weisen auf eine Beziehung zwischen der Kinetik der irritierenden Wirkung und der initiationspromovierenden Aktivität der Diterpenester hin. Die verhältnismäßig geringe promovierende Aktivität von Estern mit mehrfach ungesättigten Acylresten könnte auf den Einfluß von pharmakologischen Parametern wie Bioverfügbarkeit und Stabilität im biologischen System, Wirkstoff-Rezeptor-Wechselwirkung und “intrinsic activity” der Diterpeneser hinweisen.
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of the irritant response on the mouse ear [erythema measured quantitatively by the irritant dose 50 (ID50)] and its relation to the initiation-promoting activity on the back skin of NMRI mice of some polyfunctional diterpene esters were investigated: (1) A very rapid and transient erythema response is associated with low or absent promoting activity (2) an early and more persistent erythema response in most cases is associated with moderate-to-high promoting activity, and (3) a relatively late onset but persistence up to at least 24 h of the erythema response is associated with high promoting activity. These results may indicate a relationship between the kinetics of the erythema response and the initiation-promoting activity of diterpene esters. The comparatively low promoting activity of esters carrying polyunsaturated acyl functions may indicate that importance of pharmacological parameters such as biovailability and stability in the biological system, drug-receptor interaction, and “intrinsic activity” of the diterpene esters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402051
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemia cells by tumor promoters (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 103 (1982), S. 17-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Diterpene ; Tumor promoter ; Differentiation ; Leukemia cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the prototype polyfunctional diterpene ester tumor promoter of two-step carcinogenesis in mouse skin, induced differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) in culture. Differentiation of HL-60 cells was characterized by increased phagocytosis, increased lysozyme activity (EC 3.2.1.17) in the growth medium, and changes in morphology to those characteristics of more mature cells resembling macrophages. Many of the cells treated with TPA became aggregated, attaching firmly to culture flasks. The average intracellular myeloperoxidase activity (EC 1.11.1.7) per cell decreased during induction of differentiation by TPA. It was also found that TPA enhanced, rather than inhibited, differentiation of HL-60 cells induced by DMSO. In addition to TPA, several polyfunctional diterpene esters of the tigliane, ingenane, and daphnane type have been tested for their ability to induce morphological and functional changes of HL-60 cells. The activities of the compounds to induce these changes correlated well with their activities as tumor promoters in two-step carcinogenesis in mouse skin. In particular, half the concentrations required for induction of adhesion of the cells to flasks were roughly correlated to the potency of these compounds as tumor promoters. Among the compounds tested, phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (PDD), ingenol-3-hexadecanoate, Pimelea factor P1 and Pimelea factor P2 were as active as TPA, while 4-O-methyl-TPA and 4α-PDD were much less active. Phorbol and ingenol were totally inactive up to a concentrations 10,000-fold higher than that of TPA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410302
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the active principles of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 103 (1982), S. 255-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Cocarcinogenesis ; Tumor promoters ; Occupational cancer ; Ingenol ; Euphorbiaceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The irritant and tumor-promoting principles of the latex of Euphorbia ingens E. Mey have been isolated together with several nonirritant compounds. The Euphorbia factors I1, I5, and I6 are esters of ingenane-type polyfunctional diterpene alcohols. Euphorbia factor I1 is characterized as the 3-hexadecanoate of the polyfunctional parent alcohol ingenol and Euphorbia factor I6 as the 3-deca-2.4.6-trienoic acid ester of ingenol. Euphorbia factor I5 is the 16-angelate-3-deca-2.4.6-trienoate of 16-hydroxyingenol. Nonirritant diterpenes of the latex are I2, the ingenol-20-hexadecanoate — an isomer of Euphorbia factor I1-and I4, the 3.7.12-triacetate-8-nicotinate of the macrocyclic lathyrane-type polyfunctional diterpene alcohol ingol. The diterpene alcohols ingenol and 16-hydroxyingenol are inactive as irritants and tumor promoters of mouse skin. Compared to croton oil factor A1 (TPA), the Euphorbia factor I1 exhibits about 1/10 of the irritant and tumor-promoting activity in mouse skin. I1 shows no reasonable tumorigenic activity. Compared with I1, Euphorbia factors I5 and I6 are more potent irritants and less potent tumor promoters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409701
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Storage, retrieval and analysis of infrared spectra (1983)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 315 (1983), S. 334-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A system for computer-aided storage, retrieval and analysis of fully digitized IR spectra is presented. The on-line spectra acquisition and the procedures of data reduction are described. The additional storage of the chemical structure and the corresponding substructure codes allows a direct evaluation of structural features on the basis of the identity of spectral behaviour. The analysis of the substructure codes is used to optimize the parameters of the matching factor. In several examples the applications of the system with respect to identification, structure and substructure elucidation as well as the different output possibilities are demonstrated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein rechnerunterstütztes IR-Spektren-Suchsystem mit „vollständig“ digitalisierten IR-Spektren wird vorgestellt. Die on-line Datenerfassung, die Übertragung der Spektren zum Großrechner und die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der Datenreduktion für die weitere Verarbeitung werden beschrieben. Die zusätzliche Speicherung der chemischen Struktur sowie der entsprechenden Teilstrukturcodierungen ermöglicht eine direkte Ermittlung von strukturellen Eigenschaften aufgrund spektroskopischer Übereinstimmung. Die Auswertung der Häufigkeit der relevanten Teilstrukturen im Anschluß an einen Spektrensuchlauf mit bekannten Substanzen wird zur Optimierung der Parameter des Vergleichsfaktors benutzt. In verschiedenen Beispielen werden die Ergebnisse bei der Spektrenidentifizierung, der Struktur- und der Teilstrukturermittlung sowie die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten bei der Darstellung der Suchergebnisse aufgezeigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00488504
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SPEKTREN II — a structurally oriented spectroscopic information system (1987)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 327 (1987), S. 71-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00474580
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C NMR data bank techniques as analytical tools (1985)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 23 (1985), S. 1048-1055 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various applications of computer programs which allow the automatic use of spectral and structural information from the SPEKTREN 13C NMR data bank are presented. A method of classifying clusters in a distribution of shifts belonging to the same substructure code is described and the reliability of the prediction of spectra is discussed. The influence of the size of the ‘shift window’ for spectral match was tested. The usefulness of the combination of spectroscopic and substructural information in various ways is illustrated, and the integrity of the used data base is tested with different methods.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260231207
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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