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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibody-dependent difference in biodistribution of monoclonal antibodies in animal models and humans (1998)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 46 (1998), S. 311-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words Radioimmunodetection ; Radioimmunotherapy ; Monoclonal antibody ; Pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The study was designed to clarify the difference in pharmacokinetics of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in animal models and humans, and to elucidate the applicability of animal models. 99mTc-labeled murine mAb – against carcinoembryonic antigen (designated BW431/26), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NE150) – and one chimeric mouse/human mAb against nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (chNCA) were administered i.v. to normal mice and athymic mice (370 kBq, 400 ng) xenografted with human cancer cells expressing antigens, and into patients with tumor (925 MBq, 1 mg). The biodistribution of two of the three mAb (not 99mTc-BW431/26) differed clearly in mice and patients. 99mTc-NE150 showed specific uptake in xenografted tumor and otherwise a normal biodistribution; however, clinical examination showed increased uptake in the liver with rapid blood clearance (mean α half-life = 31.1 min) compared with 99mTc-BW431/26 (28.4 h). 99mTc-chNCA demonstrated increased blood clearance and renal excretion in both normal and athymic mice, with accumulation in tumors. Clinical examination showed rapid blood clearance (mean α half-life = 6.4 min) and increased uptake in the liver. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of 99mTc-chNCA revealed the immune complex in blood, suggesting uptake of the complex by the reticuloendothelial cells. The biodistribution of radiolabeled mAb in animal and human models was variable and specific for each of the three mAb. The results of animal studies with mAb should be evaluated carefully before being extrapolated to humans, on the basis of the nature of the mAb and interacting substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002620050492
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of gamma camera-based measurement of individual kidney function using iodine-123 orthoiodohippurate (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 23 (1996), S. 371-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Iodine-123 orthoiodohippurate ; Renography ; Effective renal plasma flow ; Quantitative analysis ; Attenuation coefficient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gamma camera-based clearance techniques which use the renal uptake ratio (RUR) of the radiotracer are available to estimate the effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate. To evaluate the accuracy of these techniques, we measured RUR by an optimized procedure and compared it with standard ER-PF. Iodine-123 orthoiodohippurate (OIH) scintigraphy and simultaneouspara-aminohippurate clearance study for measuring standard ERPF were performed in three hospitals in 24 patients with normal or mildly impaired renal function. 1231-OIH was injected intravenously and 10-s consecutive imaging of the kidneys was started when the abdominal aorta was seen. The attenuation coefficient for 1231 was measured in each hospital using the same water-equivalent absorption materials and used for the attenuation correction. After subtracting background radioactivity, RURs were defined as the count ratios of fractional renal uptakes based on the integral from 1 to 2, 2 to 3, 1.5 to 2.5 and 1 to 3 min after the injection of 1231-OIH in relation to injected doses using the following three procedures in respect of attenuation correction: (1) RUR without attenuation correction, (2) RUR with fractional renal uptake corrected by the measured attenuation coefficient, (3) RUR with the total injected dose corrected by the absorption material. To decide upon the appropriate correction method and time interval, RURs were compared with standard ERPF. Among the three correction methods, procedure 2 showed the highest correlation between RUR and standard ERPF, but the correlation coefficient was low (r=0.75). No significant difference was observed among the RURs of each time interval. Individual kidney function measured from early renal uptake may be inaccurate even when appropriate correction is made for attenuation, background activity or time lag between injection and data acquisition. Gamma camera-based measurement of renal function using123I-OIH is limited with regard to accuracy and reproducibility, though it is convenient and non-invasive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01247363
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semi-automated renal region of interest selection method using the double-threshold technique: inter-operator variability in quantitating 99mTc-MAG3 renal uptake (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 25 (1997), S. 55-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Camera-based clearance ; Technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine ; Automated region of interest ; Threshold technique ; Inter-operator variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In calculating the relative and absolute renal uptake of technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3), inter-operator variability in the assignment of the renal region of interest (ROI) is a critical factor. Our goal was to develop a semi-automated method of assigning the renal ROI and then to compare the inter-operator variability in calculating the percent injected dose (%ID) in the kidney at 1–2 min, using semi-automated versus manual ROIs. The manual ROIs were drawn independently by three operators (A, B and C). Operator A had about 20 years, experience in nuclear medicine, while operators B and C respectively had 3 years and 1 year of experience. In the semi-automated renal ROI selection method using the double-threshold technique, the operators only click around the centre of each kidney. The same three operators processed the ROIs using this double-threshold method on 1–2 min images. The semi-automated method failed in three kidneys with very markedly reduced function owing to superimposition by liver or spleen. Inter-operator reproducibility in the remaining 59 kidneys was estimated using manual and semi-automated ROIs. With manual ROIs, the %ID (mean±standard error of mean) was 4.32±0.167 for A, 4.14±0.165 for B and 3.28±0.139 for C. Although there was good correlation among them, these values were significantly different (P〈0.0001). Using semi-automated ROIs, the %ID was 4.38±0.160 for three operators. No significant difference was observed. Complete reproducibility was shown in 58 of 59 kidneys; the %ID difference of the remaining kidney was only 1.2%. The lowest %ID of all the kidneys successfully detected using the semi-automated method was 0.77%. The semi-automated renal ROI selection method using the double-threshold technique displays good detectability of the renal contour. The renal uptake calculated using this method is reproducible and acceptable in routine clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002590050194
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of indium-111 labelled platelet scintigraphy in the management of thrombocytopenic patients with malignant neoplasms (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 25 (1998), S. 247-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Indium-111 labelled platelet ; Malignant neoplasm ; Platelet sequestration ; Splenectomy ; ThrombocytopeniaIntroduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. This study was done to investigate the role of indium-111 labelled platelet scintigraphy in the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with malignant neoplasms. The study involved 20 consecutive patients with thrombocytopenia associated with malignant neoplasms or hematological disorders and without evidence of underproduction of megakaryocytes due to chemotherapy or bone marrow infiltration by the malignancy. Splenic sequestration of platelets was evaluated by measuring splenic uptake of 111In-labelled platelets, and findings were correlated with the outcome of splenectomy and medication. Of the 20 patients, 13 had splenic sequestration of platelets. Seven of the 13 patients underwent splenectomy; six of these seven patients experienced a complete response. The other six patients received medication only and showed no response. Of the seven patients without splenic sequestration of platelets, five received medication, and four of them responded to it. 111In-labelled platelet scintigraphy has a role in selecting appropriate therapy and predicting its efficacy in patients with thrombocytopenia associated with malignant neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002590050224
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PET imaging of musculoskeletal tumours with fluorine-18 α-methyltyrosine: comparison with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 27 (2000), S. 1509-1517 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Positron emission tomography Fluorine-18 α-methyltyrosine Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose Musculoskeletal tumour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Fluorine-18 labelled α-methyltyrosine (FMT) was developed for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and its potential for clinical application in patients with brain tumours has been demonstrated. This is the first trial to compare FMT with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) for the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumours. Seventy-five patients were examined with both FMT- and FDG-PET within a 2-week period. Imaging findings were visually inspected in conjunction with computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging, and standardized uptake values (SUVs) for both FMT and FDG in lesions were also generated and compared with histological findings. A significant correlation between FMT and FDG SUVs was found for all lesions (r=0.769, P〈0.0001), and mean values for malignant tumours were significantly higher than those for benign lesions in both FMT- and FDG-PET. The diagnostic sensitivities and specificities for malignancy were 72.7% and 84.9%, respectively, using FMT with a cut-off SUV of 1.2, and 72.7% and 66.0%, respectively, using FDG with a cut-off SUV of 1.9. The resultant accuracy with FMT was 81.3%, higher than that for FDG (68.0%), and the difference with respect to specificity was significant (χ2cal=5.0625, P〈0.05). On the other hand, while a significant correlation was found between malignant tumour grade and SUV with both FMT- (ρ=0.656) and FDG-PET (ρ=0.815), only the latter demonstrated significant differences among grades I, II and III. FMT and FDG for PET appear equally effective at detecting musculoskeletal tumours. In evaluating musculoskeletal tumours, FMT may be superior to FDG in the differentiation between benign and malignant tumours, while FDG may be the better choice for non-invasive malignancy grading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002590000344
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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