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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Autologe Transfusion – Spendeintervalle – Erythropoese ; Key words: Autologous transfusion – Intervals between donation sessions – Erythropoiesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. Homologous transfusion is associated with infectious and immunological risks. Preoperative autologous deposit reduces homologous transfusion requirements considerably. Usually donations are carried out at weekly intervals. In this study we investigated the effect of shorter donation intervals on erythropoiesis and perioperative transfusion requirements. Methods. A total of 40 consecutive patients scheduled for hip arthroplasty and taking part in an autologous donation programme were randomly assigned to two groups: group I gave blood on day 0, 3, 7 (and 14), group II at weekly intervals. The aim was deposit of three blood units of 450 ml. A patient was deferred if hemoglobin concentration prior to donation fell below 11 g/dl, and in this case 100 mg Fe2+ three times daily was prescribed. Blood was stored with CPDA-1 anticoagulant. Surgery was performed between day 28 and 35. A perioperative hemoglobin concentration lower than 9 g/dl was considered a transfusion trigger. Results. Group I was made up of 21 patients (10 women, 11 men, aged 39 – 69 years) who gave blood at short intervals, and group II of 19 patients (10 women, 9 men, aged 37 – 77 years) who gave blood at weekly intervals. General data, calculated blood volume and erythrocyte mass prior to donation were comparable. Each patient donated three units. Four patients had to be deferred once, one in group I, three in group II. The hemoglobin concentration in group I decreased from 13.9±1.2 g/dl (x±SD) to 13.3±1.0 g/dl prior the operation, in group II from 13.5±1.3 g/dl to 12.5±1.1 g/dl. Preoperatively the hemoglobin concentrations differed significantly (P〈0.05), as did calculated erythrocyte mass (1633 versus 1474 ml, P〈0.05). Reticulocytes increased from 46×103/µl (median) to a maximum of 94×103/µl on day 7 in group I, and from 44×103/µl to 108×103/µl in group II on day 14. Serum ferritin decreased from 122 µg/l (median) to 82 µg/l in group I, and from 140 µg/l to 77 µg/l in group II. These parameters did not differ statistically between the two groups. Intra- and postoperative blood loss amounted to 2175 ml (median) in group I versus 1430 ml in group II (P〈0.05). The perioperative hemoglobin concentration was similar in the two groups. Homologous transfusion requirements were similar in the two groups (1 unit in group I, vs 3 units in one patient and 1 unit in two patients in group II). Conclusions. Short donation intervals resulted in a higher preoperative erythrocyte mass after similar preoperative deposit, and significantly higher blood loss was tolerated with similar homologous transfusion volume.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. In einer prospektiven, randomisierten Studie wurde untersucht, ob kürzere Spendeintervalle im Vergleich zu wöchentlichen bei gleichem zeitlichen Beginn vor dem Operationstermin zu einer ausgeprägteren Steigerung der Erythropoese während der Eigenblutspende und damit zu einem geringeren intra- und postoperativen Transfusionsbedarf führen. An der Untersuchung nahmen 40 Patienten teil, die zur Implantation einer Hüftgelenkendoprothese vorgesehen waren. Mit der Eigenblutspende wurde 4 Wochen vor der Woche begonnen, in der die Operation geplant war. Angestrebt wurde die Abnahme von 3 Vollblutkonserven zu 450 ml. Als Stabilisator wurde CPD-A 1 verwandt. Lag die Hämoglobinkonzentration vor der Spende unter 11 g/dl, wurde die Spende auf den nächsten Termin bzw. um eine Woche verschoben. Die Patienten erhielten vom Beginn der Spende bis zum Operationstag 3⋅100 mg zweiwertiges Eisen pro Tag. 19 Patienten (Gruppe II: 10 Frauen, 9 Männer) spendeten in wöchentlichen Intervallen, 21 Patienten (Gruppe I: 10 Frauen, 11 Männer) an den Tagen 0, 3 und 7. Die allgemeinen Daten und das errechnete Blutvolumen der beiden Gruppen waren vergleichbar. In beiden Untersuchungsgruppen fiel die Hämoglobinkonzentration vom Wert vor der ersten Spende (13,9±1,17 g/dl Gruppe 1; 13,5±1,29 g/dl Gruppe 2; x±s) bis zum Operationstermin signifikant ab (13,3±1,05 g/dl bzw. 12,5±1,14 g/dl). Der Unterschied zwischen den beiden Gruppen zum Operationszeitpunkt ist signifikant (p〈0,05). Der Abfall der Serumeisen- und Serumferritinkonzentrationen in beiden Gruppen war vergleichbar. Der erfaßte Gesamtblutverlust lag in Gruppe I (Median 2175 ml) signifikant höher als in Gruppe II (1430 ml). Da sich trotz des signifikant höheren Blutverlusts in Gruppe I (kurzes Spendeintervall) ein niedrigerer, allerdings nicht signifikant niedrigerer, homologer Transfusionsbedarf ergab (20 von 21 Patienten in Gruppe I ohne homologe Transfusion, gegenüber 16 von 19 Patienten in Gruppe II), erscheint die Eigenblutspende in kurzen Intervallen vorteilhaft.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 44 (1995), S. 613-623 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Endotracheale Intubation ; Ösophageale Tubusfehllage ; Kapnometrie ; Oesophageal-Detector-Device ; Rettungsdienst ; Key words Endotracheal intubation ; Oesophageal ET tube malposition ; Capnometry ; Oesophageal detector device ; Emergency medical system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Oesophageal malposition of an endotracheal tube is among the leading causes of anaesthesia incidents. While clinical manoeuvres for detection of tube malposition are unreliable, monitoring (i.e. capnography) can prevent such incidents. The problem is particularly important in prehospital care, where capnography is not (yet) widely available. We tested three devices used for differentiating oesophageal from endotracheal intubation: 1. Non-CO2dependent Oesophageal Detector Device (ODD) as described by Pollard and Wee, 2. Semi-quantitative chemical disposable capnometer EasyCAP (Nellcor), 3. Non-quantitative infrared miniaturised capnometer MiniCAP (MSA). Methods. 50 anaesthetised minipigs were intubated with a Magill tube. An identical additional tube was placed in the oesophagus. The cuffs of both tubes were inflated. Unexperienced personel (students, laborary technicians) were asked to determine the position of one of the tubes by using one of the devices according to the randomisation plan. The decision had to be taken within 30 s. Using the ODD, the proband first injected 100 ml air into the lung (or stomach) and then tried to aspirate the same volume. EasyCAP and MiniCAP were used according to manuals. Results. Each device was used 25 times with a tracheal tube and 25 times with an oesophageal tube. All tube position identifications were correct. When ventilating the oesophagus/stomach for capnometric control, regurgitation into the tube occurred six times (five times with the EasyCAP and once with the MiniCAP). In these cases, the decision was based on this occurrence and not on the display of the device. While using the ODD no regurgitation occurred. Conclusion. These devices are useful for preclinical practice. According to the literature and our experience, the ODD is superior for the initial control of tube position, especially in cardiac arrest. Capnometry is needed, however, for continuous control of ventilation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die ösophageale Tubusfehllage zählt zu den häufigen Ursachen schwerer Narkosezwischenfälle. Sie ist heute durch Kapnographie zuverlässig entdeckbar, Zwischenfälle sind daher prinzipiell vermeidbar. Da die quantitative Kapnometrie im Rettungsdienst (noch) nicht verfügbar ist, bleibt das Problem der Erkennung einer ösophagealen Tubuslage im präklinischen Bereich weiterhin akut. Im Tierversuch wurden 3 Geräte getestet, die zur präklinischen Überprüfung der Tubuslage eingesetzt werden: 1. CO 2 -unabhängiges „Öesophageal Detector Device“ nach Pollard und Wee, 2. Semi-quantitatives chemisches Einmalkapnometer EasyCAP (Nellcor, Idstein), 3. Nicht-quantitatives Miniaturinfrarotkapnometer MiniCAP III (MSA, Pittsburgh). Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Geräte sowie Literatur hierzu werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 64 (1992), S. 281-285 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Autologous blood donation ; Donation intervals ; Erythropoietin ; Erythropoiesis ; Iron metabolism ; Vitamin B12 ; Folic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma immunoreactive erythropoietin (EPO) concentrations were studied in ten patients (7 men, 3 women) predonating autologous blood for hip arthroplasty. Donations were scheduled on day 1, 3, 7, 14 (and 21 if four units could not be donated previously). A predonation hemoglobin concentration of 11 g/dl was required. The donations led to a decline of the hemoglobin concentration from 14.1±1.0 g/dl (X±SD) prior to donation to 11.0±0.9 g/dl on day 15. EPO concentration prior to donation was 17.6±2.6 mU/ml. Each phlebotomy was followed by a rise in EPO levels that reached a peak concentration within 1 day. The highest concentration (35.8±15.0 mU/ml) was measured on day 16. The peak concentration was followed by a plateau at lower, although still elevated levels after the first and second donation, and by a slow, continuous decline after the third and fourth donation. This particular time course is similar to that during weekly donations [15]. The time integral of the EPO concentration during the first 3 weeks, however, was greater in the present study. This increased availability of EPO early during donation may lead to a more efficient stimulation of erythropoiesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 68 (1994), S. 117-124 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Erythropoietin ; Erythropoiesis Surgery ; Hip arthroplasty ; Revision hip arthroplasty ; Blood loss ; Acute-phase proteins C-reactive protein ; Fibrinogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To examine the influence of intra- and post-operative blood loss and operative trauma on erythropoietin (EPO) production we studied patients undergoing endoprothetic surgery of the hip. Immunoreactive plasma EPO was determined in ten patients (seven male, three female, aged 39–68 years), undergoing surgery for hip arthroplasty (n=8) or revision hip arthroplasty (n=2). EPO levels had already been determined during preoperative autologous deposit, thus allowing direct comparison between EPO response to blood loss alone and the response to blood loss and operative trauma. Perioperative blood loss amounted to 1720 (480–8100) ml (median, range). The hemoglobin concentration decreased from 12.4 (10.6–14.0) g/dl (median, range) before the operation to 10.0 (9.3–12.3) g/dl 2 h after the operation. Thereafter, the hemoglobin concentration increased slowly due to transfusion and erythropoiesis and was not significantly different (p〈0.05) from the preoperative value on the seventh postoperative day. The EPO concentration was preoperatively 26 (11–28) mU/ml and increased 2 h after the end of the operation, reaching a peak of 64 (45–104) mU/ml at 24 h. This peak was followed by a plateau at lower, but still elevated levels. The EPO concentration remained significantly elevated above the preoperative value on the seventh postoperative day. Plasma EPO concentrations showed an adequate response to postoperative anemia compared with the time course after autologous donation. In the early postoperative phase, they do not seem to be appreciably influenced by the neuroendocrine response to trauma, by mediators of inflammation, or by the postoperative catabolic state. The slightly elevated EPO concentration in the late postoperative phase indicates that factors other than anemia may contribute to EPO production at this time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 7 (1981), S. 165-170 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: PEEP ; Pulmonary mechanics ; Cardiac output ; Gas exchange ; Advanced pulmonary failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 23 patients with advanced stages of acute respiratory failure, the value of various parameters for estimating the efficiency of ventilation with PEEP were analysed. PEEP increments of 1 cm of water corresponded to an increase of PaO2 of 2 mmHg. The cardiac output decreased from 8.3±0.3 l/min mean value at ZEEP to 7.3±0.3 l/min at a PEEP of +15 cm H2O. Corresponding to this, the oxygen transport showed a decrease from 1042±62 ml/min to 894±115 ml/min. The total compliance of 34 ml/cm H2O at ZEEP is already significantly reduced (a sign of the severe respiratory failure) and falls still further at a PEEP of 15 cm H2O to 22 ml/cm H2O. No notable recruitment of non ventilated alveolar spaces can be expected, in spite of the slight increase in the arterial oxygen tension. Taking the “best PEEP” (PEEP with maximum oxygen transport) as a reference point, arterial and mixed venous oxygen tension increase, the cardiac output decreases above this point and the total respiratory compliance shows no obvious changes. In the advanced stage of severe respiratory failure one cannot use the mixed venous oxygen tension or the compliance to find the best PEEP. The danger of barotrauma by PEEP ventilation in cases of significantly reduced compliance has to be considered in the choice of the ventilation pattern. The arterial oxygen tension may lead to a wrong estimation of the total efficiency of PEEP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 1 (1984), S. 93-95 
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion The clinical application of a graphic computer program for the presentation of blood gas data on acid-base and shunt diagrams reveals some useful features in routine patient care. Wellknown but unwieldy conceptions become available at the bedside for decision making and therapy control and offer an educational value by their selfinstructional character. The acid-base diagram facilitates the evaluation of the not so lucid cases of mixed and compensated disorders, the shunt diagram supplies qualitative information about alterations in gas exchange conditions, independent of the inspired oxygen concentration, and serves to avoid toxic FIO2-levels in the oxygen therapy. The sequential plot of blood gas data seems to be a better tool to survey and document the progress of disorders and the effects of therapy than simply their listing in the medical record.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 36 (1999), S. 335-336 
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus ; infection-control-measures ; mupirocin intranasal ointment ; Schlüsselwörter Infektions-management ; Methicillinresistente Staphylococcus aureus ; Mupirocin-Nasensalbe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch Staphylokokken hervorgerufene nosokomiale Infektionen haben nach wie vor eine große Bedeutung für Morbidität und Mortalität. Besonders die zunehmenden epidemischen Ausbrüche mit dem methicillinresistenten Staphylococcus aureus, die damit verbundenen infektiologischen, therapeutischen und hygienischen Probleme sowie die daraus entstehenden Folgekosten stellen eine zunehmende Herausforderung für Ärzte, Pflegende, die Hygienekommissionen und Klinikleitungen dar. Innerhalb eines Zeitraumes von 3 Jahren (1993 – 1995) wurden 538 von insgesamt 1000 Patienten einer anaesthesiologischen Intensivstation eines Krankenhauses der Maximalversorgung mikrobiologisch überwacht. Patienten, die nur zur postoperativen Nachbeatmung aufgenommen wurden, oder voraussichtlich nicht länger als 24 – 48 h verblieben und keine Infektionsanzeichen aufwiesen, wurden nicht untersucht. Während im ersten Halbjahr 1993 noch bei 37% aller untersuchten Patienten MRSA nachgewiesen werden konnte, reduzierte sich der Anteil im zweiten Hj. 1993 durch den konsequenten Einsatz von Mupirocin-Nasensalbe auf 5%. 1995 wurde der Keim nur bei 4 von 186 (1,9%) untersuchten Patienten gefunden. Alle 4 Patienten waren nachweislich aus anderen Kliniken auf unsere Intensivstation verlegt worden. Durch das frühzeitige Erkennen und Behandeln auch asymptomatisch kolonisierter Patienten mit Mupirocin konnten 1995 im Zusammenspiel mit standardisierten Hygienemaßnahmen Übertragungen auf andere Patienten verhindert werden. Die Zusatzkosten für Screening und Mupirocin-Nasensalbe wurden durch Einsparungen im Antibiotikasektor – im wesentlichen im Bereich der Glycopeptide – bei weitem übertroffen.
    Notes: Summary Nosocomial infections caused by staphylococcus are still of great importance concerning morbidity and mortality. The resulting infectiological therapeutical and hygienical problems as well as the following costs are a increasing challenge for doctors, nurses, hygienical commissions, and chiefs of hospitals, especially for the more often occurring epidemical outbreak with methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. In the three years from 1993 to 1995, we studied 538 out of 1000 patients of an intensive care unit. Normally, patients who came only for postoperative mechanical ventilation or were only 24 to 48 hours in the ICU were not examined. In the first six months of 1993, MRSA was found in 37% of all patients examined. With the consequent use of mupirocin intranasal ointment, MRSA was found in the second six months of 1993 in only 5 percent of patients. In 1995 MRSA was found in only four of 186 patients examined. These four patients came from other clinics to our intensive care unit. The early detection and treatment of asymptomatic colonized patients with mupirocin intranasal ointment together with standardized hygienical procedures prevented the transfer to other patients in 1995. The economical effect of saving antibiotics, mostly glycopeptides, was much greater than the additional costs of screening and mupirocin ointment.
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