Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Injection of somatostatin-14 (SS-14) at 5 ng g−1 body mass (BM) into rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss decreased (P 〈 0·05, cubic, r2 = 0·54) levels of growth hormone (GH) (1·5 ± 0·9 ng ml−1v. 6·6 ± 0·6 ng ml−1) over time when compared to controls. Somatostatin-14 at 50 ng g−1 BM also decreased (P = 0·064, quadratic; r2 = 0·30) levels of GH (3·6 ± 2·1 ng ml−1v. 6·6 ± 0·6 ng ml−1) over time compared to controls. In a second study, passive immunization against SS-14 (1 : 25 dose) increased (P = 0·10, cubic, r2 = 0·12) levels of GH (11·0 ± 4·8 ng ml−1v. 5·2 ± 1·4 ng ml−1) over time. Passively immunizing against SS-14 (1 : 50 dose) increased (P 〈 0·05, cubic, r2 = 0·10) levels of GH (8·2 ± 2·3 ng ml−1v. 5·2 ± 1·4 ng ml−1) over time compared to controls. Overall, in the active immunization study there was no difference (P 〉 0·10) in specific growth rate (G) or feed conversion ratio (FCR) between the three treatment groups during the 9 weeks of the study. Only four of the fish immunized against SS-14, however, developed antibody titres against SS. Compared to controls, these fish exhibited a G of 0·89 ± 0·09 v. 0·56 ± 0·09% per 3 weeks and FCR of 0·80 ± 0·04 v. 1·20 ± 0·05 g g−1. In SS-14 immunized fish, levels of GH decreased (P 〈 0·05) by day 63 while levels of insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) increased (P 〈 0·05) by day 42 and 63. These results indicate the hypothalamic hormone SS-14 regulates GH secretion similarly in rainbow trout as it does in mammals. Active immunization against SS-14 could improve growth performance in rainbow trout but enhanced G and FCR is dependent upon generation of antibody titres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recent measurements of stellar orbits provide compelling evidence that the compact radio source Sagittarius A* (refs 4, 5) at the Galactic Centre is a 3.6-million-solar-mass black hole. Sgr A* is remarkably faint in all wavebands other than the radio region, however, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Many galaxies are thought to have supermassive black holes at their centres—more than a million times the mass of the Sun. Measurements of stellar velocities and the discovery of variable X-ray emission have provided strong evidence in favour of such a black hole at the centre of the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 42 (1999), S. 631-638 
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kardiotoxität ; Torsades de Pointes ; Antiarrhythmika ; Sultonylharnstoffrezeptor ; ATP-empfindliche K+-(KATP)Kanäle ; Key words Cardiotoxicity ; Torsades de pointes arrhythmias ; Delayed rectifier K+ current ; ATP-sensitive K+ current ; Sulfonylureas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary K+ Channels and Cardiotoxicity of Drugs: Implications for Drug Toxicity Assessment – The time required for repolarization of the ventricles can be measured as the QT interval of the ECG and is determined primarily by activation of the delayed rectifier K+ current (IK), which consists of a rapid component (IKr) and a slow component (IKs). Drugs that block cardiac IKr prolong the cardiac action potential (AP). Prolonged repolarization is detected as a longer QT interval on the ECG. During prolonged APs, increased inward currents induce early afterdepolarizations, which increase the risk of Torsades de pointes (TdP) cardiac arrhythmias. TdP arrhythmia is characterized by an apparent twisting of the electrical axis around the isoelectric line. It has a rate of 150 to 250 beats/min and it can occasionally degenerate into ventricular fibrillation that may be fatal. The incidence of drug-induced TdP arrhythmias is highest among class IA and class III antiarrhythmic agents. However, under certain clinical conditions, also several non-cardiovascular medicinal products induce QT interval prolongations in the ECG or TdP arrhythmias. Since all drugs known to cause TdP block IKr, an early evaluation of possible effects on APs of cardiac myocytes expressing IKr channels during the developmental phases of novel drugs seems to be recommended. If in-vitro electrophysiological studies show the new active substance to induce AP prolongation and/or K+ channel blockade in appropriate models and at relevant concentrations, either further development of the new active substance may not be justified or the risk factors predisposing to TdP arrhythmias should be taken into account in further clinical studies. During cardiac ischaemia, activation of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels becomes important and contributes to AP shortening in ischaemic myocardium. This has a depressant effect on cardiac contractility and, by decreasing ATP consumption, may protect the cell from irreversible impairment of its cellular functions. On the other hand, openings of KATP channels might induce reentrant ventricular arrhythmias during early myocardial ischaemia; these arrhythmias are the major cause of death from myocardial infarction. The study carried out by the University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP) in the early 1970s suggested that the use of the sulfonylurea tolbutamide was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus and coexisting coronary heart disease. However, recently the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (1998) did not support the suggestion of adverse cardiovascular effects from sulfonylureas. The latter observation is supported by recent electrophysiological and molecular biology studies. KATP channels are formed by an interaction between an inward-rectifier K+ channel (Kir6.2) and a sulfonylurea receptor (SUR). The pancreatic B-cell KATP channel is composed of Kir6.2 and SUR1, and the cardiac type from Kir6.2 and SUR2A. SUR1 binds sulfonylureas with higher affinity compared with SUR2A. The hypoglycemic effects of sulfonylureas can be explained by a direct stimulation of the pancreatic B-cell via blockade of the pancreatic KATP channel, whereas cardiac KATP channels have a lower sensitivity towards sulfonylurea-induced block.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die für die Repolarisation erforderliche Zeit der Ventrikel kann als QT-Intervall im EKG gemessen werden. Dieses Intervall wird vor allem durch Aktivierung des delayed rectifier K+-Stroms (IK) bestimmt, der aus einer schnellen (IKr) und einer langsamen (IKs) Komponente besteht. Arzneimittel, die IKr blockieren, verlängern das Aktionspotential (AP) des Herzens. Eine verlängerte Repolarisation ist als verlängertes QT-Intervall im EKG zu erkennen. Bei verlängerten APs kommt es über eine Stimulation von Einwärtsströmen zu frühen Nachdepolarisationen, die wiederum das Risiko von Torsades de Pointes (TdP)-Herzrhythmusstörungen erhöhen. Eine TdP-Rhythmusstörung ist durch ein Tanzen der Kammerkomplexe um die isoelektrische Linie charakterisiert. TdP-Rhythmusstörungen haben eine Frequenz von 150 bis 250 min–1 und können gelegentlich in Kammerflimmern mit letalem Ausgang übergehen. Die Inzidenz von durch Arzneimitteln ausgelösten TdP-Rhythmusstörungen ist bei Antiarrhythmika der Klassen IA und III am höchsten. Unter bestimmten klinischen Bedingungen können jedoch auch einige nicht Herzkreislauf-wirksame Arzneimittel QT-Intervallverlängerungen im EKG oder TdP-Rhythmusstörungen hervorrufen. Da alle Arzneimittel, die TdP-Rhythmusstörungen hervorrufen, den IKr blockieren, scheint bei der Entwicklung neuer Arzneimittel eine Untersuchung hinsichtlich der Wirkungen auf APs von IKr-exprimierenden Herzzellen erforderlich zu sein. Wenn diese in-vitro elektrophysiologischen Untersuchungen ergeben, daß die neue Substanz AP-Verlängerungen oder K+-Kanal-Blockaden bei geeigneten Modellen und in relevanten Konzentrationen hervorruft, dann ist entweder die weitere klinische Entwicklung der neuen Substanz nicht gerechtfertigt, oder die Risikofaktoren, die das Auftreten von TdP-Rhythmusstörungen begünstigen, müssen bei weiteren klinischen Studien berücksichtigt werden. Bei einer Herzischämie führt die Öffnung von ATP-empfindlichen K+-(KATP)Kanälen zu einer Verkürzung des APs im ischämischen Myokard. Dieses hemmt die Kontraktilität des Herzens und schützt über eine Hemmung des ATP-Verbrauchs die Zelle vor einer irreversiblen Schädigung der Zellfunktionen. Auf der anderen Seite kann eine Öffnung von KATP-Kanälen reentry-Kammerrhythmusstörungen während einer Herzischämie hervorrufen; diese Rhythmusstörungen sind die häufigste Todesursache bei Auftreten eines Herzinfarkts. Eine klinische Studie, die von dem University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP) im Jahr 1970 durchgeführt wurde, ergab, daß die Einnahme von Tolbutamid (einem Sulfonylharnstoffderivat) zu einer erhöhten kardiovaskulären Mortalität bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus und gleichzeitig bestehender koronarer Herzerkrankung führte. Dagegen sprechen die Ergebnisse der vor kurzem durchgeführten UK Prospective Diabetes Study (1998) gegen die Vorstellung von unerwünschten kardiovaskulären Wirkungen von Sulfonylharnstoffen. Dieses wird durch neuere elektrophysiologische und molekularbiologische Untersuchungen gestützt. KATP-Kanäle werden aus einem inward rectifier K+-Kanal (Kir6.2) und einem Sulfonylharnstoffrezeptor (SUR) gebildet. Der KATP-Kanal der B-Zelle des Pankreas setzt sich aus Kir6.2 und SUR1 zusammen, und der Kanal im Herzen aus Kir6.2 und SUR2A. SUR1 bindet Sulfonylharnstoffe mit höherer Affinität als SUR2A. Die hypoglykämischen Wirkungen von Sulfonylharnstoffen resultieren aus einer Stimulation der B-Zelle des Pankreas über eine Blockade der pankreatischen KATP-Kanäle, wohingegen die KATP-Kanäle des Herzens eine geringere Empfindlichkeit gegenüber der Blockade durch Sulfonylharnstoffe haben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Behavioral Biology 21 (1977), S. 32-40 
    ISSN: 0091-6773
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Behavioral Biology 19 (1977), S. 534-542 
    ISSN: 0091-6773
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Behavioral and Neural Biology 29 (1980), S. 281-288 
    ISSN: 0163-1047
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Behavioral and Neural Biology 28 (1980), S. 512-516 
    ISSN: 0163-1047
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Methylglucamine orotate ; Memory ; Paradoxical sleep ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of methylglucamine orotate (MGO) were studied on polygraphic sleep recordings in rats for 8 h per day between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. MGO (225 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally immediately prior to the onset of recording. In the acute experiment, the effect of MGO was compared to pre- and post-drug control days. In the chronic experiment, a sequence of 5 control days, 10 days of MGO treatment, and a further 8 control days was tested. Both acute and chronic administration of MGO resulted in increased paradoxical sleep (PS) latency and a small, but significant, decrease in PS during the first 4 h after injection. This effect seems to be specific to PS, as no effects of MGO on waking or total sleep were found. With chronic administration, no PS rebound occurred within the 8-h recording time during the 8-day post-treatment control period. How the RNA precursor can decrease PS and whether this effect may play a role in the memory-improving action of the substance is discussed in terms of an interrelationship between macromolecular synthesis, sleep, and memory, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 38 (1974), S. 247-258 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Hippocampus ; Cholinergic System ; Learning ; Consolidation ; Extinction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The possible participation of the cholinergic synapses of the hippocampus in the regulation of the learning process was investigated by observing the effect of an intrahippocampal injection of the muscarinolytic atropine on acquisition, consolidation, and extinction. Male Wistar rats were trained for a shock motivated brightness discrimination in a semi-automatic Y-maze. The training was non-stop and continued till the subjects reached the training criterion of performing 10 consecutive runs correctly. The pre-training application of atropine impairs the learning ability significantly, but produces a considerable improvement of retention as compared to the controls. The post-training application of the same dose also produces a considerable improvement of retention. However, when atropine is given 1 min before the first extinction test, no significant effect is observed. It is assumed that atropine has two distinct effects: whereas on one hand it impairs acquisition, i.e., has an aversive effect on short-term memory related processes, on the other hand it has a positive effect on consolidation. It is concluded that atropine has different effects on the various phases of learning. This may be due to changes occurring in cholinergic neuronal activity of the hippocampus during training.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...