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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkylation of RNA by vinyl bromide metabolites in vitro and in vivo (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 41 (1979), S. 279-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Vinyl bromide ; RNA alkylation ; 1,N6-ethenoadenosine ; 3,N4-ethenocytidine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract [1,2-14C]Vinyl bromide was incubated with rat liver microsomes, NADPH, and polyadenylic acid, polycytidylic acid, or RNA, respectively. Part of the adenosine moieties in RNA or in polyadenylic acid were alkylated and labelled 1,N6-ethenoadenosine structures were formed. Part of the cytidine moieties were converted into 3,N4-ethenocytidine. In addition, a further unidentified cytidine alkylation product was observed which was not seen in experiments using [1,2-14C]vinyl chloride. When rats were exposed to [1,2-14C]vinyl bromide, radioactive ethenoadenosine and ethenocytidine were present in hydrolysates of liver RNA. A further alkylation product was observed in the RNA hydrolysates which did not occur in experiments using [14C]vinyl chloride. The data show that vinyl bromide metabolites alkylate nucleic acids; although in general in this respect vinyl bromide and vinyl chloride behave similarly, some differences are observed in the alkylation behaviour of both compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296897
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid peroxidation in isolated rat hepatocytes measured by ethane and n-pentane formation (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 49 (1982), S. 265-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Isolated hepatocytes ; Carbon tetrachloride ; Ferrous ions ; Lipid peroxidation ; Ethane ; n-Pentane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Isolated rat hepatocytes (1×107 cells/ml) were aerobically incubated in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium which contained 2.0% albumin. As potential parameters of lipid peroxidation ethane and n-pentane formed were measured in samples obtained from the gas phase above the incubation mixture. 15–30 nmol ethane or n-pentane were produced by 107 hepatocytes within 90 min. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or ADP-complexed ferrous ions stimulated ethane and n-pentane formation considerably, depending on the concentrations of the compounds. With CCl4 107 cells formed max 180 nmol ethane and 140 nmol n-pentane within 90 min incubation, whereas with Fe(II) max 130 nmol ethane and 220 nmol n-pentane could be detected. When n-pentane was added to the gas phase above the incubation mixture containing either medium or medium plus hepatocytes its amount decreased by 30% within the first 5 min of incubation. However, afterwards only minor amounts of n-pentane disappeared, even in the presence of hepatocytes. This indicates that n-pentane equilibrates with the cell suspension under the conditions used. Cell viability, as determined by the release of lactate dehydrogenase into the medium and by the uptake of trypan blue by the cells, and the recovery of the cells decreased only in presence of relatively high concentrations of CCl4, or Fe(II) respectively. However, a maximal effect on ethane and n-pentane formation was reached already with lower concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347874
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast uptake kinetics in vitro of 51Cr (VI) by red blood cells of man and rat (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 57 (1985), S. 31-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Chromium (III) ; Chromium (VI) ; Kinetics ; Red blood cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fast transport kinetics of 51Cr (VI) into red blood cells (RBCs) in vitro were studied. No significant species differences were found between RBCs of man and rat. The uptake of 51Cr (VI) by RBCs in whole blood was composed of two different first order processes of different velocities (apparent t1/2 of 22.7 s and 10.4 min for man and 6.9 s and 10.1 min for rat, respectively). However, even after longer time periods a fixed portion of approximately 15% of the administered dose remained in the plasma and did not penetrate into RBCs Over the entire concentration range studied (10 μM–50 mM), the fast initial uptake followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The maximal capacity of this Cr(VI) transport into RBCs of man and rat was 3.1×108 CrO4 2− ions × cell−1 × min−1 and 2.5×108 CrO4 −2 ions × cell−1 × min−1, respectively. It is likely that Cr(VI) is transported into RBCs via a physiological anion carrier (“band-3-protein”).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286571
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA-binding assay of methyl chloride (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 57 (1985), S. 84-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Methyl chloride ; DNA ; Nucleoproteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fischer-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice of both sexes were exposed in closed chambers to 14C-labeled methyl chloride. Different clearance values from the gas phase of the system indicated that, based on body weight, mice metabolized the test compound much faster than rats. After isolation of DNA and nucleoproteins from liver and kidneys radioactivity was found in all macromolecular samples; this was ascribed to metabolic C1-incorporation. Radioactivity incorporation was particularly high in DNA of mouse kidneys, suggesting a high turnover to active C1 bodies (formaldehyde, formate) in this tissue. Analyses of DNA samples from kidneys of female and male mice showed neither 7-N-methylguanine nor O6-methylguanine. Hence, the formation of tumors in B6C3F1 mice exposed to high concentrations of methyl chloride is not based on methylation of DNA in this tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343115
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effect of N-acetylcysteine on excretion of the metals Hg, Cd, Pb and Au (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 60 (1987), S. 401-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: N-Acetylcysteine ; Mercury ; Cadmium ; Lead ; Gold
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Male Wistar rats were subacutely treated with sublethal doses of HgCl2, CdCl2, Pb(NO3)2, or Na-aurothiomalate. The metal preparations contained trace doses of radioactive nuclide. Based on the doses given and on the radioactivity excretion in urine and faeces the body burden was determined. After the metal treatment periods, some of the animals received N-acetylcysteine (up to 100 mg/kg daily, on 6 consecutive days, i.p.), and the effect of this potential chelator on metal excretion was monitored. The excretion of Hg (after dosing with HgCl2) was not influenced by N-acetylcysteine. The elimination of Cd in urine (after dosing with CdCl2) was increased by a factor of four. Also, the elimination of Pb [after dosing with Pb(NO3)2] was gradually increased (in faeces and urine) by increasing doses of N-acetylcysteine. After dosing with Na-aurothiomalate, the excretion of Au in urine was increased to about 30%. The data suggest some activity of N-acetylcysteine in facilitating excretion of Pb, Cd or Au, but not of Hg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295763
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA binding assay of methylene chloride in rats and mice (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 162-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316442
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of diepoxybutane-induced DNA-DNA crosslinks by cesium trifluoracetate (CsTFA) density-gradient centrifugation (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 64 (1990), S. 343-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972998
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA adducts of halogenated hydrocarbons (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 112 (1986), S. 92-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Methyl chloride ; Methyl bromide ; 1,2-Dichloroethane ; 1,2-Dibromoethane ; Vinyl chloride ; Vinyl bromide ; Vinylidene chloride ; Trichloroethylene ; Perchloroethylene ; 2,2′-Dichloro-diethyl ether ; Acrylonitrile ; Vinyl acetate ; Vinyl carbamate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although formation of DNA adducts has been postulated for several halomethanes, no chemical identification of such adducts has been performed so far. There is, however, evidence that methyl chloride does not act biologically as a DNA methylating agent. 1,2-Dichloroethane and 1,2-dibromoethane are activated through conjugation with glutathione. There is some evidence for formation on an N-7 adduct of guanine which carries an ethyl-S-cysteinyl moiety. Extensive work has been published on adducts of vinyl chloride, both in vitro and in vivo. The major DNA adduct is 7-(2-oxoethyl)guanine; a minor adduct appears to be N2,3-ethenoguanine. Other “etheno” adducts, i.e., 1,N6-ethenoadenine and 3,N4-ethenocytosine, are readily formed with DNA, vinyl chloride, and a metabolizing system in vitro and with RNA in vivo, but are usually not detected as DNA adducts in vivo. The data on DNA alkylation by vinyl chloride (and vinyl bromide) metabolites are compared with those of structurally related compounds (acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, vinyl carbamate).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404388
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