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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incipient nephropathy in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 26 (1984), S. 406-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy ; incipient nephropathy ; proteinuria ; urinary albumin excretion rate ; glomerular filtration rate ; blood pressure ; Type 1 diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes without proteinuria were studied to define those patients who will later develop persistent proteinuria (more than 0.5 g protein/24 h). Two investigations were performed; 71 patients were studied longitudinally for 6 years and another 227 patients were studied cross-sectionally. All were less than 50 years of age and had developed diabetes before the age of 40 years. At entry into the study they had no proteinuria (Albustix method), had normal blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion rates 〈 200 μg/min (normal ⩽ 20 μg/min). The best predictor of persistent proteinuria or an albumin excretion rate 〉 200 μg/min was the initial urinary albumin excretion rate. During the longitudinal study, seven patients with an urinary albumin excretion rate of more than 70 μg/min at the start of the study developed persistent proteinuria or an albumin excretion rate 〉 200 μg/min. In contrast, only three out of the remaining 64 patients with urinary albumin excretion rate ⩽ 70 μg/min developed urinary albumin excretion rate 〉 200 μg/min. Patients with an urinary albumin excretion rate 〉 70 μg/min are thus at risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. We designate this stage of renal involvement incipient nephropathy. Patients with incipient nephropathy were further characterized in the cross-sectional study. Compared with normoalbuminuric patients, patients with incipient nephropathy had increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but normal serum creatinine. The glomerular filtration rate was higher than normal in patients with incipient nephropathy though not different from that of normoalbuminuric patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262210
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diabetic nephropathy and arterial hypertension (1983)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 24 (1983), S. 10-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 diabetes ; diabetic nephropathy ; hypertension ; proteinuria ; serum creatinine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between arterial blood pressure and diabetic nephropathy was examined in 61 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (22 females and 39 males). All patients fulfilled the following criteria: persistent proteinuria (〉0.5g/day), onset of diabetes before 31 years of age, age 〈42 years, serum creatinine 〈130 μmol/l, and no antihypertensive treatment. Thirty Type 1 diabetic patients without persistent proteinuria but matched for sex, age, ideal body weight and duration of diabetes, and 30 healthy subjects matched for sex, age and ideal body weight were also studied as controls. The diabetic patients with persistent proteinuria had elevated blood pressures (146/96±17/10 mmHg, mean±SD) compared with 123/75±11/8 mmHg in diabetic patients without persistent proteinuria, and normal subjects (120/77±6/6 mmHg; p〈0.001 for each). Diastolic blood pressure ⩾95 mmHg was found in 51% of the group with persistent proteinuria. Elevated arterial blood pressure is frequently present in young Type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy and normal serum creatinine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275939
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intranasal insulin therapy: the clinical realities (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 680-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Intranasal insulin administration ; absorption enhancers ; metabolic control ; subcutaneous insulin administration.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate metabolic control and safety parameters (hypoglycaemia frequency and nasal mucosa physiology), 31 insulin-dependent diabetic patients were treated with intranasal insulin at mealtimes for 1 month and with subcutaneous fast-acting insulin at meals for another month in an open, cross-over randomized trial. During both treatment periods the patients were treated with intermediate-acting insulin at bedtime. Six of the patients were withdrawn from the study during intranasal insulin therapy due to metabolic dysregulation. Serum insulin concentrations increased more rapidly and decreased more quickly during intranasal as compared with subcutaneous insulin administration. Metabolic control deteriorated, as assessed by haemoglobin A1c concentrations, slightly but significantly after intranasal as compared with subcutaneous insulin therapy. The bioavailability of intranasally applied insulin was low, since intranasal insulin doses were approximately 20 times higher than subcutaneous doses. The frequency of hypoglycaemia was similar during intranasal and subcutaneous insulin therapy, and nasal mucosa physiology was unaffected after intranasal insulin. We conclude that due to low bioavailability and to a high rate of therapeutic failure, intranasal insulin treatment is not a realistic alternative to subcutaneous insulin injections at the present time. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 680–684]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401839
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intranasal insulin therapy: the clinical realities (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 680-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Intranasal insulin administration ; absorption enhancers ; metabolic control ; subcutaneous insulin administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate metabolic control and safety parameters (hypoglycaemia frequency and nasal mucosa physiology), 31 insulin-dependent diabetic patients were treated with intranasal insulin at mealtimes for 1 month and with subcutaneous fast-acting insulin at meals for another month in an open, crossover randomized trial. During both treatment periods the patients were treated with intermediate-acting insulin at bedtime. Six of the patients were withdrawn from the study during intranasal insulin therapy due to metabolic dysregulation. Serum insulin concentrations increased more rapidly and decreased more quickly during intranasal as compared with subcutaneous insulin administration. Metabolic control deteriorated, as assessed by haemoglobin A1c concentrations, slightly but significantly after intranasal as compared with subcutaneous insulin therapy. The bioavailability of intranasally applied insulin was low, since intranasal insulin doses were approximately 20 times higher than subcutaneous doses. The frequency of hypoglycaemia was similar during intranasal and subcutaneous insulin therapy, and nasal mucosa physiology was unaffected after intranasal insulin. We conclude that due to low bioavailability and to a high rate of therapeutic failure, intranasal insulin treatment is not a realistic alternative to subcutaneous insulin injections at the present time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401839
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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