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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Significantly different water relations attributes were derived for temperate conifers measured using the repeat pressurization (RP) and composite (CM) pressure–volume (PV) procedures. In the RP method, single shoots were measured 10–20 times for xylem water potential and mass during air-drying to produce each PV curve. In contrast, for CM PV curves 25–30 shoots were air-dried to relative water contents (R) ranging from 1.0 to 0.5 before being pressurized once. Aggregation of these 25–30 paired values produced single PV curves. Pinus banksiana, P. resinosa and Picea mariana, but not Pinus strobus, had lower full turgor osmotic potential, shallower slope of the linear segment of the PV curves and higher symplast fraction with the CM method. Data points along the linear segment of PV curves were obtained to lower R using the CM method. Reanalysis using similar R ranges eliminated differences between PV methods for Picea mariana but not Pinus banksiana and P. resinosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 97 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two methods of rehydrating red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) shoots for pressure-volume (PV) analysis were compared to clarify the effects of rehydration on estimated tissue water relations of shoots and fascicles. The commonly employed cut-shoot method was compared to rehydration by means of water uptake through the roots of intact plants. Cut-shoot rehydration and increased duration of rehydration significantly decreased estimates of tissue elasticity and relative water content at zero turgor for both shoots and fascicles. Rehydration of cut shoots for 2 days significantly increased the slope of the linear region of shoot pressure-volume (PV) curves and decreased estimates of the apoplastic water fraction. Changes in these and estimates of other water relations attributes were correlated with increased initial water content during rehydration. Estimated apoplastic water fraction was higher for needle fascicles than shoots despite the large amount of woody stem tissue contained in shoots. Fascicle water status strongly influenced shoot water relations, in part due to apparent apoplastic loading with water of fascicles during rehydration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 64 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Genetic variation in the drought response of leaf and root tissue water relations of seedlings of eight sources of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) was investigated using the pressure-volume technique. Tissue water relations were characterized at three stages of a drying cycle during which well-watered plants were allowed to desiccate and then were reirrigated.Sources varied both in the capacity for and degree of leaf and root osmotic adjustment, and in the mechanism by which it was achieved. A decrease in osmotic potential at the turgor loss point (ψπp) of 0.4 MPa was attributable to increased leaf tissue elasticity in seedlings of four sources, while seedlings of an Ontario source exhibited a 0.7–0.8 MPa decline in ψπp as a result of both increased solute content and increased leaf tissue elasticity. Seedlings of a New York source showed no detectable osmotic adjustment.In roots, decreased ψπp (osmotic potential at full hydration) and ψπp were observed under drought. Sources that exhibited significant leaf osmotic adjustment also generally showed a similar response in roots. Tissue elasticity and ψπp of roots were higher than those of shoots, whereas ψπp of the two organs was similar for most sources. Because of greater elasticity, roots exhibited a more gradual decline in turgor and total water potential than did leaves as tissue relative water content decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 6 (1992), S. 167-182 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Crossing theory ; exponential autocovariance model ; discrete time series ; Weibull distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract An expression is derived for the probability distribution of excursion lengths above a fixed level, for the specific case of a discrete random process sampled from an underlying, continuous normal process with exponential autocovariance function. The expression can be integrated numerically for small excursion lengths, and used with time-series simulations to qualitatively reveal the form of the distribution. Such computations indicate that excursions lengths are well approximated by a Weibull distribution to at least the 0.95 probability value. The fit improves with increasing fixed level, and with decreasing time constant of the process. In addition, an expression is given for the expected number of crossings of a fixed level, analogous to well known formulae used in estimating expected values for the cases of a continuous process and a discrete stepped process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der magmatische Komplex von Martinsville liegt im Smith River Allochton innerhalb des Piedmont des südstlichen Virginia, USA. Der Komplex besteht aus zwei tektonischen Haupteinheiten: die matische Rich Acres Abfolge und der Leatherwood Granit. Radiometrische Daten für den letzteren zeigen Ordovicisches Alter. Auf der Basis von unterschiedlicher Mineralogie und Textur existieren in der Rich Acres Abfolge vier lithologische Phasen, und im Leatherwood Granit zwei. Die Spurenelemente dieser sechs Phasen wurden durch Hauptkomponenten Analyse (PCA) untersucht; die ersten beiden Hauptkomponenten machen 86,9% der totalen Varianz in der Datenbasis aus, im Gegensatz zu ungefähr 35% für die ersten zwei Originalvariablen. Untersuchung der variablen Gewichtungen und der Proben „Scores” für diese zwei Hauptkomponenten zeigen, welche ursprünglichen chemischen Variablen die Datenbasis am besten charakterisieren. Beispielsweise bestätigt PCA, daß MgO eine der wichtigen Variablen ist, die die Datenbasis charakterisieren, SiO2 jedoch nicht. Außerdem können Mischlinien, Kontrollinien und die Hebelregel auf Bivarianten von Hauptkomponenten benützt werden, ebenso wie auf bivarianten Plots die ursprüngliche chemische Variable darstellen: Hauptkomponentenanalyse, zusammen mit den Gelände- und petrographischen Beziehungen ermöglicht es, Hypothesen bezüglich der petrogenetischen Beziehungen zwischen den lithologischen Einheiten aufzustellen. Diese umfassen: 1. einen Misch-Vorgang, sehr wahrscheinlich Magma-Mischung, zwischen dem Leatherwood und dem Rich Acres Komplex 2. die vier lithologischen Phasen innerhalb des Rich Acres Komplex bilden eine cogenetische Suite und 3. die Rich Acres und Leatherwood Komplexe sind offensichtlich nicht comagmatisch im Gegensatz zu früher vorgelegten Anregungen. Die PCA-Diagramme können auch dazu benützt werden, um verschiedene Kristall-Fraktionierungsmodelle einzuschränken. Die Ergebnisse von PCA werden mit denen der diskriminanten Funktionsanalyse (DFA) verglichen; PCA weist auf ein Kontinuum der Zusammen setzungen zwischen den meisten Gruppen hin, während DFA große Lücken im Spektrum der Zusammensetzungen erkennen läßt. Die Ergebnisse für PCA scheinen der tatsächlichen Situation näher zu kommen.
    Notes: Summary The Martinsville igneous complex is located in the Smith River allochthon, within the Piedmont of southwestern Virginia, U.S.A. This Ordovician complex consists of two main plutonic units: the mafic Rich Acres suite and the Leatherwood Granite. Four lithologic phases can be recognized in the Rich Acres and two are present in the Leatherwood. Major- and trace-element analyses from these six phases have been examined by principal components analyses (PCA); the first two principal components account for 86.9 percent of the total variance in the database, as opposed to about 35 percent for the first two original variables. Examination of variable loadings and sample scores for these two principal components has led to a number of observations about which original chemical variables best characterize the database. Mixing lines, control lines, and the “lever rule” can be used on bivariate PC plots as they can on bivariate plots of original chemical variables. Results of the PCA coupled with field and petrographic relationships allow for some hypotheses to be posed concerning petrogenetic relationships among the lithologic units. Among these hypotheses are 1) some type of mixing process occurred between the Leatherwood and Rich Acres; 2) the lithologic phases within the Rich Acres form one cogenetic suite, and 3) the Rich Acres and Leatherwood apparently are not comagmatic, in contrast to earlier suggestions. PCA can also be used to place constraints on different crystal-fractionation models. Results for PCA are compared with those for discriminant function analysis (DFA); PCA indicates a compositional continuum between most groups, whereas DFA shows large compositional gaps. The results for PCA seem to be closer to the true situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 226-226 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, medium or high-pressure ; Coupling, general purpose ; 1/8" brass union, adapted by drilling ; Connection of different kinds of tubing (1/16" and 1/8") ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 580-580 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; support and packing production device ; drying, removal of fines, solution coatig, total evaporation ; principal virtue of the system: solvent can be recovered ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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