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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Direct Binding of an HIV Fragment with Granulocytes from Healthy Subjects and Infected Patients (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 35 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The binding of the synthetic fragment from the CD4 binding site of HIV (gp120) with polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in 13 healthy donors and 31 HIV-infected patients was studied using a biotin-streptavidin-texas-red complex. The largest percentage of PMN-bound peptide was reached at a final peptide concentration of 10 μg/ml. The increase of peptide concentration did not raise the per cent of positive PMN. Preliminary incubation of PMN or mononuclear cells with non-biotinylated peptide abolished subsequent binding of these cells wish biotinylated peptide, while preliminary treatment of the cells by anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody did not lead to such abrogation. It was revealed that about 14% of PMN but no lymphocytes from healthy donors were able to bind peptide, The number of such PMN in HIV-infected patients was significantly less (6.3±8.9%, P〈0.05). A connection between peptide-bound PMN and their functional activity was found. The percentage of such cells was 13.0±11.5% in patients with normal values in a stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test and only 2.6±2.8% in patients with low values in this test (P〈0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb02870.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of HIV Antigens on Functional Activity of Neutrophilic Granulocytes in (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 33 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of nine HIV antigens, including eight synthetic peptides, on the functional activity of granulocytes was studied using the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT test). Some peptides partly suppressed the functional activity of granulocytes. The most pronounced suppression was caused by ImVL (HIV-1 lysate immobilized on plates for ELISA) and SP-7 (a synthetic peptide from the gp41 protein of HIV-1). The degrees to which the functional activity of granulocytes was suppressed by ImVL and SP-7 was in inverse proportion to the specific antibody concentrations. No correlation was found between the reduction in the NBT test value and the amount of CD4+, CD8+ cells on CD4/8 ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb02525.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of HIV-Positive Sera on the Functional Activity of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils from Healthy Donors (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 37 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The impact of the sera from 64 HIV-1-infected patients on the functional activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) from 9 healthy donors was investigated. Augmentation of PMN oxygen radical production in the presence of sera from HIV-infected patients (PMN chemiluminescence) was demonstrated. This enhancement was connected with intracellular generation of chemiluminescence (CL). A significant correlation between this enhancement and stages of HIV infection was not found. The presence of the sera from HIV-infected patients in the incubation media led to a decrease of PMN phagocytosis. It was found that contrary impact of the sera on PMN CL and phagocytosis was connected with different factors. The decrease of PMN phagocytosis correlated with the level of complement and was independent of other factors. At the satne time the increase of PMN CL was not connected with the level of complement activity but correlated with the level of anti-HIV antibody and circulating immune complexes. The reasons for this phenomenon are unclear. It was suggested that one of the serum factors which caused increase of PMN CL is HIV or HIV compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb01752.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of Lymphocyte and Monocyte Functional Activity by Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils in HIV Infection (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 37 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to determine whether potymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) can modify the immune response in HIV cases. Supernatants of PMN (PMNS) from 33 HIV-infected patients (16 with lymphoadenopathy syndrome, 17 with AIDS-related complex) were tested for their influence on the functional activity oflymphocytes and monocytes from 6 healthy donors. PMNS from another 6 healthy donors comprised a control group. It was found that PMNS from HIV-infected patients, but not from healthy donors, induced suppression oflymphocyte proliferative response and down-regulation of CD8 receptor expression on lymphocytes. Decrease of NK-cell cytotoxicity in the presence of PMNS from HIV-infecled patients was the same as that from healthy donors. PMNS did not influence the production of anti-HIV antibody by lymphocytes from HIV-infected patients, as well as non-specific IgG by lymphocytes from healthy donors. PMNS effect on functional activity of lymphocytes was blocked completely after treatment of PMN by catalase and superoxidedismutase. At the same time PMNS from HIV-infected patients but not from healthy donors induced increased production of TNF-a by monocytes and up-regulation of monoeyte phagoeytosis. These effeets were independent of catalase and superoxide dismutase and were not abrogated by antibody against IL-1, IL-8, TNF-γ, IFN-γ or IFN-γ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb03319.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UNSTABLE FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION AND FATIGUE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF STEELS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents the results of fatigue crack growth and fatigue fracture toughness studies of a high-pressure vessel steel with particular emphasis on the influence of heat treatment, low temperatures, plastic prestraining, the stress ratio and specimen dimensions.It has been shown that steels in an embrittled state, caused primarily by thermal treatment and low-temperatures, exhibit unstable fatigue crack growth which is characterized by alternate crack jumps (cleavage zones) and zones of fatigue crack growth. The fatigue fracture toughness, which corresponds to the first crack jump, and final fracture can be appreciably lower (i.e. up to 50%) than the static fracture toughness under plane strain conditions at the corresponding temperature.An analysis has been performed of unstable and stable fatigue crack growth and a model of unstable crack propagation is proposed which accounts for the observed experimental behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1994.tb00828.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE PROBLEM OF SCATTER OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS DATA (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 16 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The authors studied the influence of the conditions for growing an initial fatigue crack on the scatter of fracture toughness data determined under static loading. It was found that the values of static fracture toughness for cyclically softening steels at temperatures below the brittle-to-ductile transition are essentially dependent on the degree of the material fatigue damage in the vicinity of the crack tip during the final stage of crack initiation. A method is proposed for evaluating the fracture toughness under static loading which makes it possible to take into account the material damage in the vicinity of the crack tip.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1993.tb00090.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CYCLIC LOADING AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF STEELS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 1 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The paper considers the effect of cyclic loading and loading rate upon fracture toughness characteristics of steels at room and low temperatures. It is shown that fracture toughness of a low-alloy ferrite-pearlite steel with 0·1% C (steel 1) and for 15G2AFDps steel of the same class (steel 2) are 2 to 2·5 times lower under cyclic loading (50 and 0·5 Hz) and dynamic loading (K̇= 1·5 × 106MPa √m s−1) than under static loading (K̇= 0·6 to 9 MPa √m s−1). For quenched and low-tempered 45 steel at 293 K and for armco-iron at 77 K fracture toughness characteristics do not depend on the loading condition. Macro- and micro-fractographic investigations revealed a correlation between the plastic zone size and the length of brittle fracture areas which are formed in steels 1 and 2, and in armco-iron during unstable propagation of the fatigue crack. Dependence of the decrease of the critical stress intensity factor under cyclic loading on the number of load cycles are obtained for repeating (R= 0) and alternating bending (R=−1) of specimens with a crack. A model for the transition from stable to unstable crack propagation is proposed involving crack velocity in the zone ahead of the crack tip damaged by cyclic plastic deformation. A new approach is suggested to the classification of materials on the basis of the sensitivity of fracture toughness characteristics to cyclic conditions of loading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1979.tb00381.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PREDICTION OF FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION UNDER IRREGULAR LOADING (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A method for predicting fatigue crack propagation, both through-thickness and surface growth, is presented which takes into consideration kinetic effects of crack growth following tensile overloading. The fatigue crack propagation prediction is based on the consideration of the contribution of the following factors to the fatigue crack growth retardation after the overload: (a) generation of a residual compressive stress system ahead of the fatigue crack tip and fatigue crack closure due to residual plastic strains occurring in the wake of the growing crack tip; (b) plastic blunting of the fatigue crack tip. It is supposed that the total number of cycles of fatigue crack retardation Nd after overload will be composed by two components: (a) Nd(1), the number of cycles until the re-establishment of the crack closure level equivalent to that just before overload; (b) Nd(2), the number of cycles until the initiation of the “continuation” fatigue crack from the blunted tip of the crack. Prediction of surface crack propagation is carried out taking into consideration the variable constraint effect along the fatigue crack front. The experimental verification of the proposed method for fatigue crack propagation was carried out on specimens which were fabricated from a 15Kh2MFA steel. Good agreement was obtained between experimental data and crack growth calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1996.tb00969.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE INFLUENCE OF PLASTIC PRESTRAINING ON BRITTLE FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF METALLIC MATERIALS WITH CRACKS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the present work was to study the influence of different regimes of overloading of pressure vessel steels in different states which correspond to the steel properties at the beginning of a reactor operation and at different degrees of embrittlement (simulated by heat treatment). The experiments were performed on 25, 50 and 150 mm thick specimens with short and long cracks of various shape in the temperature range from 293 to 623 K corresponding to the service temperature range of those steels.The following factors were investigated contribution of different effects (residual stresses, strain hardening, crack tip blunting) into the enhancement of the brittle fracture resistance of steels after warm prestressing, stability of the positive warm prestressing effect during subsequent exposure of the steels to different service loading conditions; size effect on optimal regimes of thermo-mechanical prestressing and on the brittle fracture resistance characteristics of the steels studied after warm-prestressing. An approach is proposed to predict the increase in the brittle fracture resistance of steels with cracks after warm prestressing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00897.x
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