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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 28 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The P300 component of the event-related potential elicited with a two-tone auditory discrimination task and two-trial block replication procedure was obtained from 16 introverted and 16 extraverted undergraduate students. P300 demonstrated no overall significant effects for either the personality variable or the block variable. However, P300 amplitude to the target stimuli declined significantly between Block 1 and Block 2 for the extraverted subjects, but did not change across trial blocks for the introverted group. Female subjects tended to have larger P3 amplitudes than male subjects, but this factor did not interact with either the personality variable or the trial block variable. The results suggest that P3 amplitude habituates more rapidly for extraverts than for introverts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 33 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The P300 event-related brain potential (ERP) was elicited with auditory and visual stimuli in two different tasks. The oddball paradigm presented both target and standard stimuli; the single-stimulus paradigm presented a target but no standard stimulus, with the intertarget interval the same as that for the oddball condition. Target probability was .20 for the oddball task, with target stimuli occurring at the same temporal frequency in the single-stimulus paradigm. Scalp topography was assessed with 15 electrode locations. P300 amplitude was larger and latency was longer for the oddball than for single-stimulus procedure. P300 from auditory stimuli was smaller and shorter in latency than that from the visual stimuli, and both modalities showed similar but not identical scalp topographies. The findings suggest that the single-stimulus paradigm may be useful in experimental and applied contexts that require very simple ERP task conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 33 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The theoretical and empirical backgrounds for the utility of the P300 event-related potential (ERP) as a measure of cognitive aging are summarized. P300 latency data from 32 different normative aging studies are then reviewed and assessed with meta-analytic procedures. Evaluation of moderator variables indicates that sample characteristics, stimulus factors, and task conditions contribute significantly to the “normal” change in peak latency that occurs with aging. These findings are critiqued in the context of previous reports, and implications are outlined for future applications of ERPs to normative aging. It is concluded that P300 latency can provide useful information about cognitive aging but that specific variables must be considered to obtain more precise results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The P3(00) event-related potential (ERP) was elicited in 80 normal, right-handed male subjects using a simple visual discrimination task, with electroencephalographic (EEG) activity recorded at 19 electrodes. P3 amplitude was larger over the right than over the left hemisphere electrode sites primarily at anteromedial locations (F3/4, C3/4) for target, novel, and standard stimuli. The N1, P2, and N2 components also demonstrated hemispheric asymmetries. The strongest P3 hemispheric asymmetries for all stimuli were observed at anterior locations, suggesting a frontal right hemisphere localization for initial stimulus processing, although target stimuli produced larger P3 amplitudes at parietal locations than did novel stimuli. The relationships of hemispheric asymmetries to anatomical variables, background EEG activity, and neurocognitive factors are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 23 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Event-related potentials (ERPs) were elicited with an auditory discrimination paradigm in 20 adult subjects. The amplitude and latency of the N1, P2, N2, and P3 (P300) components were measured from each two-trial average and successively after each two-trial block were added to the ERP average. The dual trial-to-trial analysis generally demonstrated consistent component amplitudes and latencies across trials. The successive average analysis found that component amplitudes decreased significantly while their latencies remained relatively constant as additional trials were incorporated into the average. The results suggest that ERP component latencies are stable, while amplitudes decrease with increased numbers of trials. The implications for the application of P3 in the assessment of individual differences are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 20 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: P300 latency from a simple auditory discrimination counting task was obtained along with a digit span memory task for a large group of neurologically normal subjects. Moderate significant negative correlations between the peak latency of the P3a and P3b subcomponents and total memory score were found, although no relationship was observed for other waveform component latencies and memory score. The data suggest that the P300 component of the event-related brain potential may index individual variations in memory ability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 36 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Event-related potentials (ERPs) were elicited with auditory stimuli, and spectral analysis was performed on the poststimulus electroencephalographic (EEG) activity to assess how variables that influence the P300 affect spectral parameters of the resultant ERP. In Experiment 1, a no-stimulus condition was compared with a single repeated tone that was either ignored or counted. In Experiment 2, an auditory oddball paradigm was used in which the subject ignored all stimuli, counted only the target, or counted both the target and the standard stimuli in different conditions. In Experiment 3, stimulus probability was manipulated in separate conditions (.20, .50, .80), with the subject required to count the target stimulus. Delta and theta band spectral power increased whenever P300 amplitude increased. However, as the attentional requirements increased across tasks, alpha-1 and alpha-2 power and mean frequency increased. The findings indicate that auditory stimulus processing modulates the EEG more than just by adding ERP components to the epoch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 35 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The P300 event-related potential (ERP) was elicited in left- and right-handed young adult male and female participants (n= 20Ygroup) with both auditory and visual stimulus discrimination tasks that varied systematically in difficulty. P300 amplitude was larger across all task conditions for left- than for right-handed participants at anterior and central electrode sites. P300 latency was shorter across all task conditions for left- than for right-handers. Task difficulty did not affect the ERP handedness differences. Male and female subjects demonstrated comparable ERP handedness effects, although smaller P300 components were obtained for males than for females. When considered in the context of corpus callosal size differences for left- versus right-handed and male versus female participants, the findings suggest that the P300 reflects callosal size and interhemispheric transmission efficacy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 38 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: In the present study we evaluated the relationships between the P300 event-related potential and event-related desynchronization (ERD) of electroencephalographic alpha activity by simultaneously analyzing P300 as well as 7–10- and 10–14-Hz alpha ERD responses from auditory passive and active oddball conditions. We compared the effects of task (target vs. nontarget) and electrode (Fz, Cz, Pz) on P300 and ERD, and correlated P300 amplitude/latency with ERD maximal amplitude/latency across individuals. The major findings were that P300 as well as slow and fast alpha ERD manifested similar task and electrode effects. P300 preceded ERD and predicted individual variance of both slow and fast alpha ERD. The relationships of P300 with alpha ERD were different for the slow and fast alpha frequencies. These findings indicate that P300 and ERD are related such that slow and fast alpha ERDs are specifically guided or modified by the internal event(s) indexed by P300.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 39 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: P300 event-related brain potential (ERP) measures are affected by target stimulus probability, the number of nontargets preceding the target in the stimulus sequence structure, and interstimulus interval (ISI). Each of these factors contributes to the target-to-target interval (TTI), which also has been found to affect P300. The present study employed a variant of the oddball paradigm and manipulated the number of preceding nontarget stimuli (0, 1, 2, 3) and ISI (1, 2, 4 s) in order to systematically assess TTI effects on P300 values from auditory and visual stimuli. Number of preceding nontargets generally produced stronger effects than ISI in a manner suggesting that TTI determined P300 measures: Amplitude increased as TTI increased for both auditory and visual stimulus conditions, whereas latency tended to decrease with increased TTI. The finding that TTI is a critical determinant of P300 responsivity is discussed within a resource allocation theoretical framework.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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