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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoglobulin Quantitation and Enumeration of Immunoglobulin-producing Cells: Comparison of Two Indexes of B-Cell Activation (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 12 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Human lymphocytes were cultured under different conditions to determine the effects of technical variations on the response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and Staphylococcus aureus as measured by (a) quantitation of immunoglobulins (Ig) in the culture supernatants and (b) enumeration of Ig-secreting cells (ISC) by a reverse plaque technique. The highest numbers of ISC were measured when the cells were cultivated in standing tubes, without glutamine supplementation during the culture, and at a concentration of 1 × 106 cells/ml. The highest Ig concentrations were measured under similar conditions, except that somewhat higher values were obtained with cells cultivated at 1 × 106/ml in 2 ml cultures with PWM stimulation and at 2.5 × 106/ml cultures with S. aureus stimulation. In time-course studies, peak ISC responses occurred on day 5 with each mitogen, whereas extracellular Ig levels kept rising until day 7, possibly owing to accumulation of secreted Ig. Measurements of the numbers of ISC and of secreted Ig levels in simultaneous cultures of lymphocytes from the same donors showed no correlation: however, co-stimulation of cultures with PWM and concanavalin A (to stimulate suppressor cells) depressed both Ig levels and ISC numbers. These results suggest heterogeneity in the plaque-forming cell population with respect to rate of Ig secretion, but indicate that these two techniques both reflect B-cell activation. They should not, however, be considered interchangeable, and the two probably should be used in conjunction for complete characterization of B-cell activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1980.tb00076.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD14+CD16+ Monocytes in the Course of Sepsis in Neonates and Small Children: Monitoring and Functional Studies (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 55 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The phenotype and function of peripheral blood monocytes change after trauma and during sepsis. The aim of the study was to evaluate monocyte expression of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and Fc receptor III (FcR III) (CD16) in neonates and small children with high risk of sepsis (hospitalized at the intensive care unit). The reduced proportion of CD14+HLA-DR+ monocytes was observed in all patients at the intensive care unit, while the increase of CD16 expression on monocytes was observed in the course of sepsis. The measurement of CD16 expression on monocytes also proved to be more useful for monitoring patient. The proportion of both CD14dimCD16+ and CD14highCD16+ monocytes increased during sepsis; however, monocytes showed reduced ability to phagocytose Escherichia coli, compromised ability to cooperate with T cells and reduced CD86 expression in parallel to HLA-DR depression. The reduced interleukin (IL)-1 but rather increased IL-10 production was associated with sepsis. The differences between CD14+CD16+ monocytes of healthy donors and patients with sepsis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01092.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistent skin colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis: relationship to clinical and immunological parameters (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Staphylococcus aureus has important implications for the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). In some patients S. aureus can be eradicated from the skin during anti-inflammatory treatment, while in others bacterial colonization is persistent. Potential mechanisms and features of these two distinct groups of patients are not known.Objective Accordingly, we studied relationships between the ability to eliminate S. aureus during an anti-inflammatory treatment and selected clinical and immunological features.Methods Quantitative assessment of S. aureus on the skin, in nasal vestibule and throat, serum IgE levels, CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio, lymphocyte proliferation and phagocyte oxidative burst were determined during the exacerbation and after 4 and 12 weeks of the treatment using topical steroid and oral antihistamine in 34 patients with AD.Results S. aureus was found on the skin of all 34 patients during exacerbation. Disease severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) correlated with the density of bacteria. Treatment with oral antihistamine and topical steroid resulted in a significant alleviation of symptoms, which correlated with the elimination of S. aureus from the skin in 70% of patients. In the remaining 30% of patients, dense (more than 1010/cm2) S. aureus skin colonization, persisted despite the treatment. Patients with persistent S. aureus presented with higher serum IgE levels, lower lymphocyte proliferation in response to staphylococcal enterotoxin B, phytohaemagluttinin and anti-CD3. Persistence of S. aureus was more common in men.Conclusions Patients with AD differ in the ability to clear S. aureus from the skin during anti-inflammatory treatment, which appears to be related to the abnormalities in immunological parameters. Local antibiotic therapy should be considered only in patients with persistent S. aureus colonization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02210.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monocyte-T-Cell Interactions in the Regulation of Polyclonal B-Cell Response (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 24 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Human peripheral blood monocyte subsets with and without Fc receptor for human IgG are known to suppress (FcR+) and enhance (FcR−) pokeweed mitogen-induccd polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro. The ability of these subsets to modulate immunoglobulin production in the presence or absence OKT8− T cells and under conditions where suppressor T-cells activation was blocked by irradiation or mitomycin C was studied. It was shown that, regardless of the presence or absence of suppressor T cells, FcR− monocytes can suppress immunoglobulin production if their number in culture exceeds 20%. However, at lower numbers this monocyte sunset was suppressive only when suppressor T cells were activated. The suppressor T-cell activation was shown to be independent of the predominant presence of the FcR+ or FcR monocyte subset. Moreover, the enhancing effect of FcR−monocytes was not caused by their interference with suppressor T-cell activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb02065.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The immunopotentiating effect of thiosulphate in vivo (1977)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 1654-1656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sodium thiosulphate injected i.v. into mice causes a marked increase in concentration of several serum proteins, particularly immunoglobulins. When given together with antigen, it significantly potentiates the T-dependent humoral responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01934054
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