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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 179 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of urology 3 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the management of stone disease, the medical approach concerned with the prevention of stone recurrence is equally as important as the surgical removal of stones. The application of medical approach requires an understanding of the pathophysiology of stone formation. A wide variety of physiological or environmental disturbances have been identified in stone–forming patients. They include hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, undue urinary acidity and hyperuricosuria. Reliable diagnostic protocols have been developed which are based on the presence of above derangements. The prophylactic treatment programs are directed at the correction or amelioration of underlying environmental disturbances. Conservative measures include a high fluid intake, dietary sodium and oxalate restriction, dietary calcium restriction (in absorptive hypercalciuria and primary hyperparathyroidism), and moderate animal protein restriction. Specific medical treatments chosen for discussion are thiazide, slow–release neutral potassium phosphate, potassium citrate and potassium magnesium citrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 1 (1977), S. 744-745 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 26 (1978), S. 195-197 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Ectopic calcification ; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ; hyperphosphatemia ; Bone ; Renal tubule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A 50-year-old Latin American man with tumoral calcinosis presented with hyperphosphatemia (6.62±1.04 SD mg/dl), elevated renal threshold phosphorus concentration (TmP) (7.3 mg/GFR), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] (69 pg/ml) hypercalciuria (239 mg/day), and a high fractional intestinal calcium (Ca) absorption (0.74). Sodium cellulose phosphate therapy (20 g/day) lowered urinary Ca, and partially reduced serum phosphorus (P) and TmP to 5.91±0.63 mg/dl and 6.2 mg/GFR, respectively. Serum 1,25-(OH)120D remained elevated at 58–64 pg/ml. Amphojel therapy (4 oz/day) decreased urinary P to 23±21 mg/day and lowered serum P to 5.75±0.36 mg/dl (P〈0.05). TmP increased to a value of 8.0 mg/GFR while serum 1,25-(OH)2D continued to remain elevated at 53 pg/ml. This case illustrates the probable operation of dual abnormalities in tumoral calcinosis represented by augmented renal conservation of P and an elevation in the circulating concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 10 (1972), S. 257-268 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Hydroxyapatite ; Anorganic tissue ; Ethylenediamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une méthode efficace et détaillée d'extraction de la matière minérale du tissu osseux à l'aide d'un appareil Soxhlet et d'éthylène diamine anhydre (ED), est décrite. L'éthylène diamine solubilise la portion organique (graisse et protéine) du tissu avec peu ou pas de modifications chimiques ou physiques de la phase minérale. Après traitement à l'éthylène diamine, la pièce est lavée à l'eau froide pour éliminer le solvant. La diffraction aux rayons X, la densité, les analyses chimiques et des études d'échange ont été utilisées pour étudier les modifications de la phase minérale pendant les procédés d'extraction et de lavage.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Eine detaillierte, wirksame Methode wird dargelegt, mit welcher aus Knochengewebe die Mineralsubstanz mit Hilfe eines Soxhlet-Apparates mittels wasserfreiem Äthylendiamin extrahiert werden kann. Das Äthylendiamin löst den organischen Anteil — Fett und Protein — des Gewebes mit geringer oder überhaupt keiner chemischen oder physikalischen Veränderung der Mineral phase. Nach der Behandlung mit Äthylendiamin wird die Probe mit kaltem Wasser gewaschen, um das Lösungsmittel zu entfernen. Röntgen-Diffraktion, Dichte, chemische Analyse und Austausch-Studien wurden verwendet, um Veränderungen in der Mineralsubstanz während der Extraktions- und Waschvorgänge zu überwachen.
    Notes: Abstract A detailed, efficient method of extracting mineral matter from bone tissue using a Soxhlet apparatus and anhydrous ethylenediamine is presented. The ethylenediamine solubilizes the organic portion, fat and protein, of the tissue with minor, if any, chemical or physical alteration of the mineral phase. After ethylenediamine treatment the sample is washed with cold water to eliminate the solvent. X-ray diffraction, density and chemical analyses and exchange studies have been used to monitor changes within the mineral matter during the extraction and washing procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 69-77 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone mineral ; Ion exchange ; Fluoride ; Magnesium ; Citrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'action du Mg2+, du citrate3−, du F− et du SO 4 2− sur les45Ca2+ et32PO 4 3− avec la phase minérale osseuse (extraite de l'éthylènediamine) est déterminée dans des conditions physiologiques. Le Mg2+ se substitue au Ca2+ au niveau de la pellicule liquide adhérente (enveloppe d'hydratation), alors que le citrate3− déplace PO 4 3− , à la fois, de la pellicule liquide adhérente et de la surface cristalline. Ces éléments à affinité pour l'os augmente ainsi la solubilité apparente du minéral osseux. A l'inverse, le F− diminue netterment la concentration de Ca2+ et du PO 4 3− dans la solution environante et dans la pellicule liquide adhérente, en formant probablement une couche de liaison de CaF2 à la surface cristalline. Il y a une absorption nette de Ca2+ et PO 4 3− par la phase solide en présence de Mg2+ et F−, qui ne s'observe pas dans les solutions de citrate. Le SO 4 2− n'affecte pas de façon significative la solubilité, la dissolution ou la croissance du minéral osseux.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung von Mg2+, Citrat3−, F− und SO 4 2− auf den Austausch von45Ca2+ und32PO 4 3− mit dem Mineralanteil von Knochen (Ethylendiaminextraktion) wurde unter physiologischen Verhältnissen verfolgt. Mg2+ substituierte das Ca2+ des anhaftenden Flüssigkeitsfilms (Hydratationsschicht), während Citrat3− das PO 4 3− sowohl vom anhaftenden Flüssigkeitsfilm als auch von der Kristalloberfläche ersetzte. Diese vom Knochen angezogenen Elemente erhöhten demzufolge die scheinbare Löslichkeit des Knochenminerals. Dagegen reduzierte F− die Konzentration von Ca2+ und PO 4 3− wesentlich, sowohl in der umgebenden Lösung als auch im anhaftenden Flüssigkeitsfilm, vermutlich durch Bildung einer CaF2-bindenden Schicht auf der Oberfläche des Kristalls. In Gegenwart von Mg2+ und F− nahm diefeste Phase eindeutig Ca2+ und PO 4 3− auf, was bei Citrat3−-haltigen Lösungen nicht der Fall war. SO 4 2− veränderte weder die Löslichkeit noch die Auflösung oder das Wachstum des Knochenminerals significkant.
    Notes: Abstract The effect of Mg2+, citrate3−, F− and SO 4 2− on the exchange of45Ca2+ and32PO 4 3− with the mineral phase of bone (ethylenediamine-extracted) was determined under physiological conditions. Mg2+ substituted for Ca2+ at the adherent liquid film (hydration shell), while citrate3− displaced PO 4 3− from both the adherent liquid film and the crystal surface. These bone-seeking elements thus increased the apparent solubility of bone mineral. In contrast, F− markedly reduced the concentration of Ca2+ and PO 4 3− in both the ambient solution and the adherent liquid film, probably by inducing the formation of a CaF2 boundary layer at the crystal surface. There was a net uptake of Ca2+ and PO 4 3− by the solids phase in the presence of Mg2+ and F−, but not in citrate3− solutions. SO 4 2− did not significantly affect the solubility, dissolution, or growth of bone mineral.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Urological research 7 (1979), S. 177-182 
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Nephrolithiasis ; Hyperparathyroidism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Primary hyperparathyroidism is a major cause of calcium urolithiasis and is easily recognised when it is classically manifested. However, subtle presentations of primary hyperparathyroidism may cause confusion with other causes of calcium stone disease or cause diagnostic difficulty. Several pitfalls of parathyroid evaluation and treatment are illustrated by four cases of calcium urolithiasis. Cases 1 and 2 represent ineffective or useless parathyroid surgery rendered for renal hypercalciuria and absorptive hypercalciuria, respectively. Cases 3 and 4 had mild or intermittent hypercalcaemia. The correct diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism was made in Case 3 by parathyroid venous sampling and bone densitometry. In Case 4, the thiazide provocative test was used to establish the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of urology 1 (1983), S. 180-185 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is currently no treatment program which is capable of correcting the basic abnormality of absorptive hypercalciuria, although several drugs are available which have been shown to restore normal calcium excretion. Sodium cellulose phosphate best meets the criteria for optimum therapy. When given orally, this non-absorbable ion exchange resin binds calcium and inhibits calcium absorption. However, this inhibition is caused by limiting the amount of intraluminal calcium available for absorption, and not by correcting the basic disturbance in calcium transport. The above mode of action accounts for the two potential complications of sodium cellulose phosphate therapy. First, the treatment may cause magnesium depletion by binding dietary magnesium as well. Second, sodium cellulose phosphate may produce secondary hyperoxaluria, by binding divalent cations in the intestinal tract, reducing divalent cation-oxalate complexation, and making more oxalate available for absorption. These complications may be overcome by oral magnesium supplementation (1.0–1.5 g magnesium gluconate twice/day, separately from sodium cellulose phosphate) and moderate dietary restriction of oxalate. Under such circumstances, sodium cellulose phosphate at a dosage of 10–15 g/d (given with meals) has been shown to lower urinary calcium, reduce urinary saturation of calcium salts and retard new stone formation, without significantly altering urinary oxalate or magnesium. When the above precautions are taken, sodium cellulose phosphate has been shown to be clinically useful in preventing new stone formation in patients with absorptive hypercalciuria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Urological research 7 (1979), S. 209-213 
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Urinary saturation ; Metastable solutions ; Crystal growth ; treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The physico-chemical basis for the action of various drugs in calcium nephrolithiasis may be described in terms of changes produced in the urinary state of saturation (APR), limit of metastability (FPR), or in crystal growth. The validation of this scheme for drug action requires further correlation of objective responses to drug therapy, described in terms of urinary crystallisation, with the clinical response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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