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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective modifications in GAD67 mRNA levels in striatonigral and striatopallidal pathways correlate to dopamine agonist priming in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study investigated long-term alterations in striatal gene expression after single exposure of unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats to different dopamine agonists (priming). Rats were primed with the D1 agonist SKF38393 (10 mg/kg), the D2/D3 agonist quinpirole (0.2 mg/kg), the dopamine precursor L-DOPA (50 mg/kg) or with vehicle (drug-naive), and GAD67, dynorphin and enkephalin mRNAs were evaluated in the striatum by in situ hybridization, 3 days after priming. To evaluate GAD67 mRNA in striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons, identified as enkephalin (−) and (+) neurons, double-labelling in situ hybridization was used. Drug-naive lesioned rats showed an increase in GAD67 mRNA in enkephalin (−) and (+) neurons, an increase in enkephalin and a decrease in dynorphin mRNAs. Priming with either SKF38393 or quinpirole further increased GAD67 mRNA in enkephalin (−) and (+) neurons, however, while SKF38393 produced a high and unbalanced activation toward enkephalin (−) neurons, after quinpirole the increase was of low intensity and similar in the two pathways. Dynorphin mRNA was increased by SKF38393 but not by quinpirole, whereas enkephalin mRNA was not changed by either priming. L-DOPA produced a high and similar increase in GAD67 mRNA in enkephalin (−) and (+) neurons. Priming differentially affected peptides and GAD67 mRNA in striatopallidal and striatonigral neurons depending on the dopamine agonist used. The degree of enduring overactivity of the striatopallidal and striatonigral pathways may be related to the ability of L-DOPA and D1 or D2/D3 receptor agonists to prime motor behavioural responses and to produce dyskinetic side-effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02983.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased aeroallergen-specific interleukin-4-producing T cells in asthmatic adults (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Asthma, atopy and some forms of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease are thought to be caused by T cells making IL-4 (Th2 cells). However, not all patients with similar patterns of clinical disease have the same underlying pathogenesis and the ability to detect immunopathogenic T cells by examination of the peripheral blood remains in doubt. With the prospect of specific immunotherapy for diseases caused by T cell subsets, it is important to determine whether peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) reactivity can be used to establish the presence of immunopathogenic responses and therefore to predict therapeutic effects.Objective To detect IL-4 and IFN-γ production as markers of Th1 and Th2 responses in the peripheral blood of atopic and asthmatic adults.Methods PBMC from 22 adult asthmatics (18 of whom were atopic) and 21 non-asthmatic volunteers (ten of whom were atopic) were stimulated with cat, birch and house dust mite allergens, human rhinovirus, RSV and recombinant chimaeric F/G protein from RSV in vitro. ELISPOT assays were used to enumerate cells producing IL-4 and IFN-γ.Results Asthmatics had a sixfold increase in frequencies of IL-4-producing cells to cat and birch allergen (median values: 37 vs. 7 per million PBMC, P 〈 0.01 and 20 vs. 3 per million PBMC, P 〈 0.04, respectively) compared to non-asthmatics. By contrast, non-asthmatic atopics showed no specific increase in antigen-specific IL-4 responses and there was no evident correlation between skin prick test reactivity and ELISPOT results. Atopics had significantly more IFN- γ-producing cells specific for FG than nonatopics. while IFN-γ and IL-4 responses to other antigens were not significantly different.Conclusion Enhanced IL-4 responses to non-viral aeroallergens are seen in adults with asthma, while enhanced IFN-γ responses to viral antigen FG were seen in atopics. In practical terms, ELISPOT assays for specific cytokines may provide a method that could be used to monitor antigen-specific T cell responses in peripheral blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01548.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HIV-1 envelope-elicited neutralizing antibody titres correlate with protection and virus load in chimpanzees
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Vaccine 12 (1994), S. 1141-1148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0264-410X
    Keywords: HIV envelope glycoprotein ; chimpanzees ; vaccination
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-410X(94)90185-6
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain interactions of H–2 class I antigens alter cytotoxic T-cell recognition sites (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 279-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The four hybrid class I genes constructed consist of two pairs of reciprocal exon exchanges between the H–2Kband H–Db genes (Fig. la). Thus, exons 2 were exchanged: the resultant constructs of Kbexon 2 in the Dbgene and Dbexon 2 in the Kbgene encode hybrid Kb/Dbantigens consisting ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/309279a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Image retrieval by color semantics (1999)
    Springer
    Multimedia systems 7 (1999), S. 175-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1882
    Keywords: Key words:Image retrieval by content – Color semantics – Image databases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. The development of a system supporting querying of image databases by color content tackles a major design choice about properties of colors which are referenced within user queries. On the one hand, low-level properties directly reflect numerical features and concepts tied to the machine representation of color information. On the other hand, high-level properties address concepts such as the perceptual quality of colors and the sensations that they convey. Color-induced sensations include warmth, accordance or contrast, harmony, excitement, depression, anguish, etc. In other words, they refer to the semantics of color usage. In particular, paintings are an example where the message is contained more in the high-level color qualities and spatial arrangements than in the physical properties of colors. Starting from this observation, Johannes Itten introduced a formalism to analyze the use of color in art and the effects that this induces on the user's psyche. In this paper, we present a system which translates the Itten theory into a formal language that expresses the semantics associated with the combination of chromatic properties of color images. The system exploits a competitive learning technique to segment images into regions with homogeneous colors. Fuzzy sets are used to represent low-level region properties such as hue, saturation, luminance, warmth, size and position. A formal language and a set of model-checking rules are implemented to define semantic clauses and verify the degree of truth by which they hold over an image.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005300050120
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