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  • 1
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    THE MADHYAMIKA PHILOSOPHY: A NEW APPROACH (1964)
    Honolulu : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Philosophy East and West. 14:1 (1964:Apr.) 3 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-8221
    Topics: Philosophy
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5114-1964-014-01-000001
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Random chloroplast segregation and frequent mtDNA rearrangements in fertile somatic hybrids between Nicotiana tabacum L. and N. glutinosa L. (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1994), S. 900-908 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum ; N. glutinosa ; Fertile somatic hybrids ; Random chloroplast segregation ; Mitochondrial DNA rearrangement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Patterns of organelle inheritance were examined among fertile somatic hybrids between allotetraploid Nicotiana tabacum L. (2n=4x=48) and a diploid wild relative N. glutinosa L. (2n=2x=24). Seventy somatic hybrids resistant to methotrexate and kanamycin were recovered following fusion of leaf mesophyll protoplasts of transgenic methotrexate-resistant N. tabacum and kanamycin-resistant N. glutinosa. Evidence for hybridization of nuclear genomes was obtained by analysis of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and peroxidase isoenzymes and by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using a heterologous nuclear ribosomal DNA probe. Analysis of chloroplast genomes in a population of 41 hybrids revealed a random segregation of chloroplasts since 25 possessed N. glutinosa chloroplasts and 16 possessed N. tabacum chloroplasts. This contrasts with the markedly non-random segregation of plastids in N. tabacum (+)N. rustica and N. tabacum (+) N. debneyi somatic hybrids which we described previously and which were recovered using the same conditions for fusion and selection. The organization of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in 40 individuals was examined by RFLP analysis with a heterologous cytochrome B gene. Thirty-eight somatic hybrids possessed mitochondrial genomes which were rearranged with respect to the parental genomes, two carried mtDNA similar to N. tabacum, while none had mtDNA identical to N. glutinosa. The somatic hybrids were self-fertile and fertile in backcrosses with the tobacco parent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225783
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-random chloroplast segregation inNicotiana tabacum (+)N. rustica somatic hybrids selected by dual nuclear-encoded resistance (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 465-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Antibiotic selection ; Somatic hybrid ; Nicotiana tabacum (+)N. rustica ; Chloroplast segregation ; Mitochondrial inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nicotiana tabacum (+)N. rustica interspecific somatic hybrids were produced by fusion of leaf mesophyll protoplasts of transgenic methotrexate-resistantNicotiana tabacum L. with leaf mesophyll protoplasts of transgenic kanamycin-resistantN. rustica L. Somatic hybrids were selected on the basis of resistance to both methotrexate and kanamycin. Evidence for nuclear hybridization was obtained for 21 hybrids by restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using a heterologous wheat nuclear ribosomal-DNA (rDNA) probe and by analysis of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) isoenzymes. Chloroplasts segregated non-randomly as 20 of the somatic hybrids possessedN. rustica chloroplasts and only one hadN. tabacum chloroplasts. Patterns of mitochondrial inheritance were examined by hybridization of a heterologous wheat cytochrome oxidase subunit II (coxII) gene with genomic DNA of the somatic hybrids. Four somatic hybrids with hybridization patterns similar toN. rustica and 17 with hybridization patterns consistent with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) rearrangement or recombination were obtained. None of the somatic hybrids had patterns ofcoxll hybridization identical withN. tabacum. Male-fertility levels in the hybrids ranged from undetectable to 87% and only nine hybrids produced a limited amount of viable seed. There was no apparent correlation between the patterns of organelle inheritance in the somatic hybrids and the relative degree of fertility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00838562
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rare symmetric and asymmetric Nicotiana tabacum (+) N. megalosiphon somatic hybrids recovered by selection for nuclear-encoded resistance genes and in the absence of genome inactivation (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 747-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum ; N. megalosiphon ; N. sylvestris ; Somatic hybrids ; Organelle genome analysis ; Incompatibility ; Asymmetric hybrids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Following protoplast fusion between Nicotiana tabacum (dhfr) and N. megalosiphon (nptII) somatic hybrids were selected on the basis of dual resistance to kanamycin and methotrexate. Despite strong selection for parental nuclear-encoded resistances, only nine N. tabacum (+) N. megalosiphon somatic hybrids were obtained. A preferential loss of the parental N. tabacum nuclear and organelle genome was apparent in some plants in spite of the lack of genomic inactivation by the irradiation or chemical treatment of the parental protoplasts. Only six of the nine hybrids recovered possessed both parental profiles of nuclear RFLPs and isoenzymes. The remaining three hybrids were highly asymmetric with two being identical to N. megalosiphon except for minor morphological differences and rearranged or recombined mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNA), while the other one was distinguishable only by the presence of a rearranged or recombined mtDNA, and was therefore possibly a cybrid. Overall, eight somatic hybrids possessed rearranged or recombined mtDNAs and chloroplast inheritance was non-random since eight possessed N. megalosiphon-type chloroplasts and only one had N. tabacum chloroplasts. In contrast, using the same selection approach, numerous morphologically similar symmetric somatic hybrids with nuclear RFLPs and isozymes of both the parental species were recovered from control fusions between N. tabacum and the more closely related N. sylvestris. In spite of the low frequency of recovery of symmetric N. tabacum (+) N. megalosiphon hybrids in this study, one of these hybrids displayed a significant degree of self-fertility allowing for back-crosses to transfer N. megalosiphon disease-resistance traits to N. tabacum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220954
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fertile somatic hybrids between transgenicNicotiana tabacum and transgenicN. debneyi selected by dual-antibiotic resistance (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 450-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum ; N. Debneyi ; Somatic hybridization ; Transformation ; Organelle inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A simple, yet effective selection system was used to produce fertile somatic hybrids betweenNicotiana tabacum andN. debneyi. This approach utilized transgenic antibiotic-resistantN. tabacum andN. Debneyi as donor plants for mesophyll protoplast fusions. Thirteen somatic hybrid plants were regenerated from calli capable of growth on medium containing both antibiotics. The majority of the hybrids displayed a range of leaf and floral morphologies and growth habits that were intermediate to those of the parental species, and had chromosome numbers varying from amphidiploid (2n = 96) to hypoaneuploid (2n = 60). Isoenzyme and RFLP analysis demonstrated the presence and expression of nuclear genes from both parents in all of the hybrids. Most plants are fully fertile. Thus, these plants differ from the malesterile tobacco ‘cybrids’ and alloplasmic lines produced by transferring theN. debneyi cytoplasm to tobacco. A nonrandom pattern of cytoplasmic segregation in the fusion products occurred with a bias towards the presence ofN. debneyi cp and mtDNA. Evidence for the presence of rearranged or recombinant cp and mtDNA in some of the hybrids was obtained. The somatic hybrids were successfully backcrossed to theN. tabacum parent and are now being tested for immunity to black root rot, a trait specific toN. debneyi, but not existent in theN. tabacum parental line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588598
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indian attitude towards nature (1992)
    Springer
    GeoJournal 26 (1992), S. 135-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Abstract To understand the Indian mind and culture one needs to explore the attitude that the Indian people have adopted towards nature. The Indian view is both the cause and the effect of man's involvement in and with nature. Geographical conditions have been responsible for shaping the Indian mind and life, but Indian thought has also given a distinct perspective on nature. This dual character of man's relation to nature has imparted a uniqueness to the Indian attitude towards nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241207
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation of Nicotiana tabacum, N. debneyi, and N. rustica: Inheritance and protoplast expression of antibiotic resistance (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 25 (1991), S. 189-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; leaf explant ; mesophyll protoplast ; regeneration ; selective agent ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains harbouring plasmid vectors pBCAT1, pVU1011 or pMON806 were used to transform leaf explants of Nicotiana tabacum cultivars ‘Delgold’ and ‘Candel’, N. debneyi, and N. rustica var. NRT. Transgenic plants resistant to the selective agents kanamycin, hygromycin or methotrexate were regenerated and used as sources of leaf mesophyll protoplasts. Protoplasts divided and regenerated plants in the presence of selective agents at levels inhibitory to protoplasts of non-transformed plants. Cross-resistance of protoplasts to more than one selective agent was not observed in this study which suggests that this approach may lead to an efficient interspecific somatic hybrid selection system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036210
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