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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells. Their role in the control of superantigen responses (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Immunological reviews 182 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: CD4 regulatory T cells have a major role in controlling the immune response to self and foreign antigens. Natural CD4+ CD25+ T cells are a major component of the regulatory subset. Their absence is associated with the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and with abnormal peripheral T-cell homeostasis. Two main characteristics discriminate natural CD4+ CD25+ T cells from their CD4+ CD25− counterparts, namely their cytokine production profile and their behavior during tolerance induction. Natural CD4+ CD25+ T cells produce interleukin (IL)-10, a cytokine that contributes to their regulatory role. They do not produce IL-2 and are dependent on exogenous IL-2 for proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Studies of their response to superantigen administration in vivo show that they are resistant to clonal deletion but can be tolerized by anergy. Their resistance to apoptosis may contribute to their continuous regulatory function, as it allows them to maintain permanent control over effector T cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-065X.2001.1820114.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cytokines on thymic hematopoietic precursors (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 264 (1991), S. 369-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus ; CD4- ; CD8- ; thymocyte ; Thymic hematopoietic precursors ; Cytokines ; Ultrastructure ; Mouse (DBA/2, H-2d)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have previously shown that the interaction of thymocytes with thymic accessory cells (macrophages and/or interdigitating cells) is one of the factors required for thymocyte activation. Precursors of both thymic accessory cell and thymocytes are included in the CD4- CD8- Mac-1- Ia- subpopulation, and their respective maturation and/or activation may be modulated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin 1 and interleukin 2. When CD4- CD8- thymic cells are activated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 2, both macrophages and interdigitating-like cells are present, as shown by electron microscopy. When activated with interleukin 1 plus interleukin 2, the interdigitating-like cells is the only accessory cell present. In both culture conditions, large clusters are formed between interdigitating cells and lymphoid cells. These results have led us to propose two-step signals for thymocyte proliferation: first, the maturation of macrophages under granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor control and the production of interleukin 1, and secondly, the maturation of interdigitating cells under interleukin 1 control, their clustering with thymocytes which are then activated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313976
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogeny of the human lymphoid system: Study of the cytological maturation and the incorporation of tritiated thymidine and uridine in the foetal thymus and lymph node and in the infantile thymus (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 80 (1972), S. 235-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The study of the cytological evolution of the foetal thymus enables us to distinguish an early foetal period (up to 20 weeks) from a late foetal period. The cytological maturation is achieved at 20 weeks of gestation. The thymus in the late foetal phase is comparable to that of the child.The study of the lymphopoietic function shows a higher activity in the foetal thymus up to 20-22 weeks, lymphopoiesis is also slightly increased, in the thymus of the child up to the age of three years. The study of the contribution of the various cell types to the cellularity of the thymus, emphasizes the importance of the medium lymphocytes in the early foetal period. The small lymphocytes though to a lesser extent, are also capable of division in the foetal thymus and in the infantile thymus. Incorporation of uridine is also increased in the early foetal thymus.Cytological composition and lymphopoiesis of the foetal thymus and lymph node, have been compared.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040800210
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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