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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 13C-caffeine breath test distinguishes significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B and reflects response to lamivudine therapy (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The 13C-caffeine breath test is a non-invasive, quantitative test of liver function.Aim : To determine the utility of the 13C-caffeine breath test in chronic hepatitis B virus and its ability to monitor response to lamivudine.Methods : Forty-eight chronic hepatitis B virus patients and 24 controls underwent the 13C-caffeine breath test. In 28 patients commenced on lamivudine, 13C-caffeine breath tests were performed at 1 week (n = 12) and after 1 year of therapy.Results : Patients with Metavir F0–1 fibrosis (2.30 ± 1.02 Δ‰ per 100 mg caffeine) had a 13C-caffeine breath test similar to controls (2.31 ± 0.85, P = 0.96). However, patients with F2–3 fibrosis (1.59 ± 0.78, P = 0.047) and cirrhotic patients (0.99 ± 0.33, P = 0.001) had a decreased 13C-caffeine breath test. Fibrosis correlated best with the 13C-caffeine breath test (rs = −0.62, P 〈 0.001). The 13C-caffeine breath test independently predicted significant (F ≥ 2) and advanced (F ≥ 3) fibrosis and yielded the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.91 ± 0.04) for predicting advanced fibrosis. The 13C-caffeine breath test was unaltered by 1 week of lamivudine but improved by 61% (P 〈 0.001) in responders to long-term lamivudine, whereas in those with viraemia and elevated alanine aminotransferase, values remained stable or deteriorated.Conclusion : The 13C-caffeine breath test distinguishes chronic hepatitis B virus-related fibrosis and detects improvement in liver function in response to long-term lamivudine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02623.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The patterns of plasma free amino acids after force-feeding in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) with and without dorsal aorta cannulation (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Aquaculture research 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two experiments were conducted to compare the patterns of plasma free amino acid concentrations after force-feeding in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) with and without dorsal aorta cannulation. In the first experiment, 35 rainbow trout averaging 504 ± 7.8 g (mean ± SD) were divided into seven groups of five fish each. After 48 h starvation, a group of fish was anaesthetized and blood samples were taken at one of the following time periods: 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after feeding. In the second experiment, five dorsal aorta cannulated rainbow trout averaging 511 ± 6.2 g (mean ± SD) were kept in a cage. After 48 h starvation, the fish were anaesthetized and blood samples were taken from the same fish at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after feeding. In the first experiment, the concentration of all plasma free amino acids except histidine and glycine peaked at 4 h and returned to the basal level 24 h after feeding. In the second experiment, the concentration of all plasma free amino acids except isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and tryptophan also peaked at 4 h and returned to the basal level 24 h after feeding. These results showed that the pattern of plasma free amino acid concentrations from fish with and without dorsal aorta cannulation were similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0455.2002.430501.x-i1
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Truss optimization considering homologous deformation under multiple loadings (1998)
    Springer
    Structural and multidisciplinary optimization 16 (1998), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-1488
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The deformation of a structure shall be called homologous, if a given geometrical relation holds for a given number of structural points before, during, and after the deformation. Some researchers have utilized the idea of structural design with the finite element method. The approaches use the decomposition of the FEM equation or equality equations to obtain homologous deformation. However, weight reduction and response constraints such as stress, displacement or natural frequency cannot be considered by those theories. An optimization method solving the above problems is suggested for obtaining homologous deformation. Homology constraints can be considered under multiple loading conditions as well as a single loading condition. A homology index is defined for multiple loading conditions. Examples are solved to demonstrate the performance of the method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01202830
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of direct vs. approximation methods in structural optimization (1995)
    Springer
    Structural and multidisciplinary optimization 10 (1995), S. 64-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-1488
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This note discusses the performances and applications of two methods generally used in structural optimization. One is the direct method which applies a nonlinear programming (NLP) algorithm directly to the structural optimization problem. The other is the approximation method which utilizes the engineering sense very well. The two methods are compared through standard structural optimization problems with truss and beam elements. The results are analysed based on the convergence performances, the number of function calculations, the quality of the cost functions, etc. The applications of both methods are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01743697
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of some SQP algorithms on structural design problems (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 2187-2203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes the basic ideas of sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithms for design optimization. There are two fundamental differences between the various algorithms: (i) the difinition of the QP subproblem solved at each iteration, and (ii) the descent function used during step size determination. The performances of the algorithms can change dramatically depending on how the two steps are executed. Numerical implementation details of various computational steps are discussed. Three programs based on SQP algorithms are used to solve 17 structural design problems having 7 to 96 design variables and 10 to 1051 performance constraints besides design variable bounds. Based on the performance of these programs, efficient procedures to execute various steps of the SQP methods are determined. It is concluded that the potential constraint strategy, where only a subset of the constraints is used to define the QP subproblem, is essential for large scale engineering design applications. With this strategy the SQP methods are quite robust and have great potential for routine application in engineering design.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620231204
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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