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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-obesity effects of α-lipoic acid mediated by suppression of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 10 (2004), S. 727-733 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as a fuel sensor in the cell and is activated when cellular energy is depleted. Here we report that α-lipoic acid (α-LA), a cofactor of mitochondrial enzymes, decreases hypothalamic AMPK activity and causes profound weight loss in rodents by ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1061
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of intrapancreatic neuronal activation on cholecystokinin-induced exocrine secretion of isolated perfused rat pancreas (1999)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 437 (1999), S. 511-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Cholecystokinin ; Cysteamine ; Intrapancreatic neuron ; Islets ; Pancreatic secretion ; Pertussis toxin ; Somatostatin ; Somatostatin antagonist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The role of intrapancreatic neurons in the action of cholecystokinin (CCK) on pancreatic exocrine secretion of the totally isolated, perfused rat pancreas was investigated. Intrapancreatic neurons were activated by applying electrical field stimulation (EFS) to the isolated pancreas for 45 min. When applying EFS, spontaneous pancreatic secretions of fluid and amylase increased until the second 15-min period of EFS and then decreased during the third 15-min period. Atropine (2 µM) notably reduced the EFS-evoked pancreatic secretions of fluid and amylase. The CCK-induced (10 pM) pancreatic secretions of fluid and amylase elevated further in the first 15-min period of EFS and then gradually resumed to the levels observed during application of CCK alone in the third 15-min period of EFS. However, the CCK-induced pancreatic secretions remained elevated even in the third 15-min period of EFS when an action of endogenous somatostatin was inhibited by cyclo-(7-aminoheptanonyl-Phe-d-Trp-Lys-Thr[BZL]) (10 nM) or pertussis toxin (200 ng/ml). EFS further elevated spontaneous exocrine secretion by the cysteamine-treated (300 mg/kg) pancreas, but this was markedly reduced, to normal levels, by infusing somatostatin (100 pM). EFS increased the numbers of immunoreactive somatostatin cells in the Langerhans’ islets. The results indicate that intrapancreatic neuronal activation influences CCK-induced pancreatic secretions in a dual-phase pattern in the rat: an increase during the early phase and a decrease during the late phase. Endogenous somatostatin released from the islets appears to inhibit the enhancing effect of neuronal activation on CCK-induced pancreatic secretion. Of the intrapancreatic neurons, the cholinergic ones appear to predominate in EFS’s effects on CCK-induced pancreatic secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050811
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antisense Oligonucleotide of Clusterin mRNA Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and Prevents Adhesion of Rat ASC-17D Sertoli Cells (2000)
    Springer
    Molecules and cells 10 (2000), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0219-1032
    Keywords: Antisense Oligonucleotide ; Apototosis ; Cell-substratum Interaction ; Clusterin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Clusterin has been known to play important roles in cell-cell and/or cell-substratum interactions. Recently we reported the transient expression of clusterin in pancreatic endocrine cells during the early developmental stages and suggested a role in aggregating the endocrine cells for islet formation. In the present study, we have investigated the involvement of clusterin in cell-substratum interaction by the inhibition of clusterin synthesis using antisense oligonucleotide. The expression of clusterin was transiently increased as early as 2–8 h after plating the ASC-17D Sertoli cells to the culture flask, which was the period of cell attachment. In addition, up-regulation of clusterin mRNA was so much greater when the Sertoli cells were plated on the petri dish for the bacterial culture instead of in a animal cell culture flask that therefore, the cells failed to attach to it. These findings suggested that interruption of cell to plate substratum interaction might lead to over-expression of clusterin from Sertoli cells to induce cell to cell aggregation or, perhaps, to re-establish attachment with the substratum. Transfection of ASC-17D Sertoli cells with a 20-base antisense oligonucleotide against clusterin mRNA resulted in extracellular release of LDH and DNA fragmentation. Sertoli cell death by antisense oligonucleotide of clusterin was sequence specific and dose dependent. Treatment of antisense oligonucleotide induced a marked reduction of synthesis for clusterin protein, but not for clusterin mRNA expression, suggesting the translational suppression of clusterin by antisense oligonucleotide. Further, microscopic observation showed that more noticeable cell death was induced by treating the antisense prior to plating the cells than by treating after cell attachment to the plate. From these results, we speculate that down-regulation of clusterin expression in the anchorage-dependent Sertoli cells prevents them from attaching to the plate, and therefore induces cell death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10059-000-0193-3
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the endocrine cells in the rat pancreatic and bile duct system (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 25 (1993), S. 807-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphological features of the endocrine cells in the duct system of the pancreas and the biliary tract have been recently characterized in the adult animal with respect to their physiological roles. In the present study, we have investigated their chronological appearance as well as their developmental progress at various stages of the rat fetal and postnatal life. On day 12 of gestation, glucagon and insulin, as well as CCK cells, were identified in the pancreatic primordium. On day 14, glucagon and CCK cells were first detected in the epithelial lining of the common hepatic and the hepatic ducts. These cells remained the dominant endocrine type in the duct system during the fetal period. Insulin and pancreatic polypeptide cells were first observed in the common hepatic duct only on days 16 and 18 of gestation respectively. In spite of their presence in the islets, somatostatin cells were not detected in the duct system during fetal life. They started to appear in the accessory pancreatic duct of the neonate, and subsequently in the common hepatic duct as well as in the small pancreatic ones on day 7 after birth. During postnatal development, the endocrine cells showed progressive or retrogressive changes in different portions of the duct system according to the cell type. In general, somatostatin, CCK and pancreatic polypeptide cells showed an increase, while glucagon and insulin cells gradually dwindled in number up to the adult stage. Somatostatin cells exhibited a significant increase in number, becoming the highest population among the duct endocrine cells in the adult. Throughout the developmental progress, the endocrine cells appear to be allocated in regions relevant to their possible influence modulating the exocrine secretion as well as the drainage of the pancreatic and bile fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188046
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the endocrine cells in the rat pancreatic and bile duct system (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 25 (1993), S. 807-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphological features of the endocrine cells in the duct system of the pancreas and the biliary tract have been recently characterized in the adult animal with respect to their physiological roles. In the present study, we have investigated their chronological appearance as well as their developmental progress at various stages of the rat fetal and postnatal life. On day 12 of gestation, glucagon and insulin, as well as CCK cells, were identified in the pancreatic primordium. On day 14, glucagon and CCK cells were first detected in the epithelial lining of the common hepatic and the hepatic ducts. These cells remained the dominant endocrine type in the duct system during the fetal period. Insulin and pancreatic polypeptide cells were first observed in the common hepatic duct only on days 16 and 18 of gestation respectively. In spite of their presence in the islets, somatostatin cells were not detected in the duct system during fetal life. They started to appear in the accessory pancreatic duct of the neonate, and subsequently in the common hepatic duct as well as in the small pancreatic ones on day 7 after birth. During postnatal development, the endocrine cells showed progressive or retrogressive changes in different portions of the duct system according to the cell type. In general, somatostatin, CCK and pancreatic polypeptide cells showed an increase, while glucagon and insulin cells gradually dwindled in number up to the adult stage. Somatostatin cells exhibited a significant increase in number, becoming the highest population among the duct endocrine cells in the adult. Throughout the developmental progress, the endocrine cells appear to be allocated in regions relevant to their possible influence modulating the exocrine secretion as well as the drainage of the pancreatic and bile fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02388112
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the endocrine cells in the pancreatic-bile duct system of the rat (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 232 (1992), S. 247-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Six types of endocrine cells showing immunolabelling against gut or pancreatic islet hormones were identified in the pancreatic-bile duct system of the normal adult rat at the light and electron microscopic levels. They were located within the epithelial lining of the duct system from the intercalated portion to its duodenal opening. However, the distribution and frequency of each endocrine cell varied along the length of the duct system. While insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide cells were widely distributed along the entire duct system, small numbers of cholecystokinin and serotonin cells were confined to the terminal portion. A considerable number of somatostatin cells were concentrated in gland-like pouches of the terminal portion of the common pancreatic-bile duct. When the accessory pancreatic duct was present, insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin cells were also found in its epithelial lining. Electron microscopically, the specific content of the secretory granules of all endocrine cells was confirmed by immunolabelling or cytochemical staining. Further the characteristics of the secretory granules of each endocrine cell type corresponded to those present in the same kind of endocrine cells in gut or pancreatic islet. The duct endocrine cells displayed a particular ultrastructural appearance. The “open type cells” were highly polarized, with their apical cytoplasmic process reaching the duct lumen, whereas “closed type cells” showed long basal cytoplasmic processes with no connection with the duct lumen. In general, insulin, and somatostatin cells were of the “open type,” while no morphological connection with the duct lumen was found for glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide cells. The presence of various duct endocrine cells with their particular ultrastructural appearance implies that they may take part in modulating the function of the duct system.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092320209
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