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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nutrition 1 (1981), S. 207-234 
    ISSN: 0199-9885
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 4 (1964), S. 85-114 
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 292 (1976), S. 267-270 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Rat ; Hamster ; Hepatic microsomal drug metabolism ; Glucocorticoid interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of some glucocorticoids on hepatic microsomal biphenyl and aniline hydroxylations were investigated in rat and hamster. Steroids were either added to the standard incubation mixture or given as a single dose intraperitoneally before preparation of the liver microsomes for enzyme determination. The addition of steroids in vitro enhanced biphenyl-2-hydroxylation activity in hepatic microsomes of rat but not of hamster and the most pronounced effect was obtained with betamethasone. A similar species difference in the effects of betamethasone on this enzyme was also observed after administration of a single dose of the steroid in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 488-489 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Assessing the damage to the DNA of growing bacteria which is produced by carcinogens in the presence of mammalian drug metabolising enzymes?whether in vivo2 (host mediated assay) or in vitro using liver cell fractions (Ames test)3?seems to be the most successful approach so far. The estimation of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 19 (1986), S. 203-207 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A foot-pad oedema model was used to investigate the presence of free radicals using a chemiluminescence method. This model is an example of a cell mediated hypersensitivity reaction. Male rats were inoculated in the scruff with Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) on Day 0 and then challenged 6 days later with FCA in one hind paw. An acute inflammatory reaction was initiated over the following 96 hours and within 4 hours of induction, reactive oxygen species were detected in the inflamed tissue. A peak of chemiluminescence activity was seen 8 hours after the induction of the inflammatory reaction, well before maximum oedema was observed. Using mannitol, catalase and DABCO to elucidate the nature of the reactive oxygen species it was found that hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen all contributed to this burst of oxidative activity and are therefore probably involved with the process of lipid peroxidation and the severity of an inflammatory reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 158 (1975), S. 193-203 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The velocity of oxidation of exogeneous ferrocytochrome c by nitrite under anaerobic conditions in the presence of skeletal muscle mitochondria is dependent upon pH over at least the range 5.6–6.7, increasing markedly as the pH is lowered. A product of the reaction is the complex formed between nitric oxide and ferrocytochrome c. At levels up to 20 mM, nitrite inhibits aerobic cytochrome oxidase action; at higher concentrations, however, a partial resuscitation of the oxidation of ferrocytochrome c occurs, the enhancement of reaction velocity being considerably greater at pH 6.0 than at 6.5. Mitochondrial respiration is also inhibited by nitrite but no similar resurgence was, however, observed and thus the oxidation of ferrocytochrome c by high levels of nitrite is considered to be a direct non-enzymic action. Under anaerobic conditions, the rate of increase of the velocity constant of the oxidation of ferrocytochrome c with nitrite concentration in the presence of muscle mitochondria similarly decreased with rise of pH over the same range.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Unter anaeroben Bedingungen ist die Geschwindigkeit der Oxydation von Ferrocytochrom c durch Nitrit in Gegenwart von Skelett-Muskel und Mitochondrien zumindest im Bereich von pH 5,6–26,7 pH-abhÄngig. Sie nimmt wesentlich zu, wenn der pH-Wert herabgesetzt wird. Bei pH 6,0 ist die Geschwindigkeitskonstante erster Ordnung für die Oxydation von Ferrocytochrom c annähernd linear von der Konzentration an Nitrit abhängig; dies gilt mindestens bis zu einer Konzentration von 30 mmol Nitrit. Ein Reaktionsprodukt ist die aus Stickoxid und Ferrocytochrom c gebildete Komplexverbindung. In Konzentrationen bis zu 20 mmol hemmt Nitrit unter aeroben Bedingungen die Wirkung von Cytochromoxydase. Bei höheren Konzentrationen setzt jedoch die Oxydation von Ferrocytochrom c teilweise wieder ein. Die Zunahme der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit ist wesentlich größer bei pH 6,0 als bei 6,5. Die Atmung der Mitochondrien wird durch Nitrit ebenfalls gehemmt, jedoch ist die oben beschriebene partielle Reaktivierung bei höheren Reaktionen hier nicht zu beobachten. Somit ist die Oxydation von Ferrocytochrom c bei hohen Nitritkonzentrationen als direkte nichtenzymatische Wirkung anzusehen. Unter anaeroben Bedingungen ist die Zunahme der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten für die Oxydation von Ferrocytochrom c bei hoher Nitritkonzentration deutlich pH-abhängig; Erhöhung des pH-Wertes im gleichen Bereich verringert die Reaktions-geschwindigkeit. Die Durchlässigkeit der Mitochondrien für Nitrit ist durch Schwellungsuntersuchungen und durch die schnelle Umwandlung von endogenem Ferrocytochrom a3 in sein Nitrosyl-Derivat bewiesen worden. Bei längerer Incubation von Mitochondrien mit Nitrit unter anaeroben Bedingungen werden die endogenen Cytochrome unter Bildung von Nitrosylferricytochrom oxydiert Oberhalb einer Konzentration von 0,3 mmol wird wahrscheinlich das enzymatische System der Mitochondrien zunehmend gehemmt, während bei einer Konzentration von 30 mmol eine direkte nichtenzymatische Oxydation stattfindet. Substrate, die die Reduktion von Nitrosylferricytochrom c in Gegenwart von Mitochondrien durch übertragung der Nitrosylgruppe auf Metmyoglobin fördern, sind auf ihre unterschiedlichen katalystischen Eigenschaften untersucht worden. Ascorbinsäure und Sulfhydryl-Verbindungen, wie Cystein, können die Reaktion nichtenzymatisch fördern. p ]Handelsmäßige luftdicht-verpackte Schinken wurden durch Elektronen-Mikroskopie untersucht. Die Mitochondrien waren gut zu erkennen, obgleich sie wenigercristae enthielten als solche in frischem Fleisch. Es ließen sich auch komplizierte Membranstrukturen beobachten, die oft mit Mitochondrien verbunden waren. Die Möglichkeit, daß diese Membranstrukturen mitochondriale Formen sein könnten, wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 22 (1977), S. 909-914 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In female rats aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage was increased and glycoprotein synthesis decreased by fasting and by insulin administration. Glucose added to the drinking water during the fasting period reduced mucosal damage and increased glycoprotein synthesis to control levels. Alloxan diabetes did not affect mucosal damage or glycoprotein synthesis. Alloxan diabetes plus insulin restored blood glucose levels to normal, and susceptibility to aspirin damage and glycoprotein synthesis were also normal. Alloxan diabetes plus fasting restored blood glucose levels to normal but increased aspirin-induced mucosal damage and reduced glycoprotein synthesis.In vitro incubation of gastric mucosal homogenates showed that dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline inhibited glycoprotein synthesis but dibutyryl cyclic GMP had no significant effects. The importance of an adequate supply of glucose to the gastric mucosa and the effects of cyclic nucleotides on glycoprotein synthesis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 7 (1974), S. 351-356 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The use of formic acid in the carrier gas improves the gas chromatography of barbiturates. Both, the peak area and the number of theoretical plates are increased, but there is no change in the retention times of the barbiturates examined. As a result of interactions between the solid support and formic acid, adsorption of the barbiturate is reduced considerably when formic acid is present in the carrier gas. In contrast, after withdrawal of formic acid, all barbiturates with the exception of N-alkylated derivatives are removed by the column-due to increased adsorption on the support material. A possible mechanism is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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