Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 87 (1994), S. 123-135 
    ISSN: 0031-9201
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thermochimica Acta 209 (1992), S. 7-24 
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words Insulin release ; Desensitization ; Hexokinase ; Ion channels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The prolonged exposure of pancreatic islets and isolated beta cells to elevated glucose concentrations induces a state of unresponsiveness to glucose (desensitization). However, an increased sensitivity to glucose (detected by a shift to the left of the dose-response curve of glucose-induced insulin release) has been also reported after chronic exposure to glucose, making the overall response less comprehensible. In vitro models have many theoretical and practical advantages in better understanding the effects of the prolonged glucose stimulation; moreover, they are also suitable for studying the mechanisms responsible of the observed alterations. We have performed a time-course study of the effect of the exposure to glucose at high concentration on the secretory behaviour of beta cells. Rat pancreatic islets exposed for 30 min to high glucose (300 mg/dl) showed increased basal insulin secretion (175±29 vs 44±8 pg/islet (per 30 min; n = 5, P〈0.002) as the only difference from control islets (exposed to 100 mg/dl). After 3 h exposure to high glucose, also increased sensitivity to glucose was observed, as indicated by a shift to the left of the glucose dose-response curve (EC50 123±10 and 177±11 mg/dl, respectively; n = 5, P〈0.05). After 6 h exposure to high glucose, besides the two alterations already described, also a decrease in glucose-induced insulin release was observed (688±104 vs 1184±34 pg/islet per 30 min; n = 5, P〈0.01). We studied the mechanism responsible for these alterations and we found that the ``supersensitivity'' to glucose may be related to alterations in the ``glucose-sensing'' mechanism of beta cells, in particular in glucose phosphorylation. In contrast, in islets desensitized to glucose our data suggest that ion flux and consequent membrane potential changes play a key role in determining the secretory defect. Since a normal response to glyburide was observed, a proximal signal defect for closure of potassium channels is more likely than an intrinsic defect in the channel. In conclusion, our data show what the prolonged stimulation of beta cells with glucose at high concentration induces a series of distinct secretory abnormalities, with a pattern of response that leads first to increased sensitivity and then to decreased responsiveness to glucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Insulin release ; Desensitization ; Hexokinase ; Ion channels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The prolonged exposure of pancreatic islets and isolated beta cells to elevated glucose concentrations induces a state of unresponsiveness to glucose (desensitization). However, an increased sensitivity to glucose (detected by a shift to the left of the dose-response curve of glucose-induced insulin release) has been also reported after chronic exposure to glucose, making the overall response less comprehensible. In vitro models have many theoretical and practical advantages in better understanding the effects of the prolonged glucose stimulation; moreover, they are also suitable for studying the mechanisms responsible of the observed alterations. We have performed a time-course study of the effect of the exposure to glucose at high concentration on the secretory behaviour of beta cells. Rat pancreatic islets exposed for 30 min to high glucose (300 mg/dl) showed increased basal insulin secretion (175±29 vs 44±8 pg/islet (per 30 min;n=5,P〈0.002) as the only difference from control islets (exposed to 100 mg/dl). After 3 h exposure to high glucose, also increased sensitivity to glucose was observed, as indicated by a shift to the left of the glucose dose-response curve (EC50 123±10 and 177±11 mg/dl, respectively;n=5,P〈0.05). After 6 h exposure to high glucose, besides the two alterations already described, also a decrease in glucose-induced insulin release was observed (688±104 vs 1184±34 pg/islet per 30 min;n=5,P〈0.01). We studied the mechanism responsible for these alterations and we found that the “supersensitivity” to glucose may be related to alterations in the “glucose-sensing” mechanism of beta cells, in particular in glucose phosphorylation. In contrast, in islets desensitized to glucose our data suggest that ion flux and consequent membrane potential changes play a key role in determining the secretory defect. Since a normal response to glyburide was observed, a proximal signal defect for closure of potassium channels is more likely than an intrinsic defect in the channel. In conclusion, our data show what the prolonged stimulation of beta cells with glucose at high concentration induces a series of distinct secretory abnormalities, with a pattern of response that leads first to increased sensitivity and then to decreased responsiveness to glucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 47 (1984), S. 953-963 
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Seismic stations, with automatic P-picking and satellite retransmission were set up on Mount Etna following the eruption started on March 1983. Positions of the stations were chosen in order to complement the permanent telemetered network of Catania University. Comparison between locations obtained by both networks were made for earthquakes recorded by at least 5 ARGOS DCP (Data Collection Platform) stations. We observed a satisfactory agreement for events inside both networks. By merging data of both networks, it has been possible to locate more than 50 earthquakes for which separate computation was not possible due to the low number of arrivals. On 3rd-4th June a swarm of deep seismic events was observed. Hypocenters of these earthquakes are clearly located in a NNW-SSE-trending vertical zone of 5 km width at a depth of 7–36 km. Changes in the distribution of shallow seismic activity, before and after this swarm, have been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 47 (1984), S. 965-976 
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume L'Etna a connu, de 1977 à 1983, une période d'activité exceptionnelle, tant par la fréquence et l'extension des fracturations latérales de l'édifice que par la violence et la répétition des paroxysmes aux cratères centraux. L'éruption multifissurale de 1971 et l'éruption excentrique de 1974 sur le flanc Ouest apparaissent comme les prodromes de l'activité actuelle. Celle-ci a débuté en juillet 1977 par l'exacerbation de l'activité sommitale qui, de modérée persistante, est devenue paroxysmique et intermittente. Jusqu'en mars 1978, le Cratère NE a eu ainsi une vingtaine d'éruptions tout à fait inusitées, ne durant que quelques jours ou même quelques heures, avec puissantes fontaines de lave et coulées rapides atteignant jusqu'à 5 km de long. D'autres paroxysmes uniquement explosifs ont eu lieu en avril 1980 au Cratère Central, puis au Cratère SE. Un début d'activité persistante (mai-août 1980) dans cette dernière bouche a été interrompu par la reprise de violentes manifestations explosivo-effusives au Cratère NE en septembre 1980 et février 1981. Les éruptions latérales surtout ont été remarquables: en avril-juin 1978 (fracturation du versant SE, de 3000 à 2600 m d'altitude), août 1978 (SE, ENE, 3000–2300 m), novembre 1978 (SE, 3000–1650 m), août 1979 (SE, E, NE, 3000–1600 m), mars 1981 (NNW, 2600–1120 m), mars-août 1983 (S, 2700–2260 m). Les 4 premières de ces éruptions ont été précédées et accompagnées de violentes fontaines de lave au Cratère SE. Toutes ont été accompagnées ou suivies d'explosions phréatiques, principalement à la bouche Ouest du Cratère Central. La coulée du 4 août 1979 sur le flanc oriental est descendue en une demi-journée près du village de Fornazzo. Celle du 17 mars 1981 — la plus désastreuse — a, dans les 14 h qui ont suivi son apparition, coupé toutes les communications terrestres au pied Nord de l'Etna, sur un front par endroits large de 800 m: en moins de 5 jours, 18 × 106 m3 de lave ont été émis, recouvrant 6 km2 de terres en grande partie cultivables. Du 28 mars au 8 août 1983, les laves s'épanchant de façon tranquille, mais à un rythme soutenu, ont lentement enseveli plusieurs propriétés et implantations touristiques du versant Sud, entre 2300 et 1100 m d'altitude. Chacun de ces paroxysmes éruptifs se signale par des augmentations considérables de l'amplitude du tremor séismique, dont l'intensité n'est cependant pas directement liée à l'importance des phénomènes observés. Il est probable que la turbulence due à la montée du magma dans les conduits principaux influe notablement sur l'énergie du tremor: de fait, celui-ci est très réduit après la phase paroxysmique initiale (par exemple 1983), bien que l'effusion de lave persiste. Avant les éruptions, l'énergie du tremor atteint des niveaux relativement élévés pendant des intervalles de temps qui durent de 1 à 5 mois. Ce phénomène peut résulter d'un mécanisme de recharge du système de fractures et de dykes conduisant, à plus ou moins brève échéance, à l'événement éruptif. Plusieurs périodes de recharge peuvent se succéder avant une même éruption (3 avant celle de 1983). Dans les quelques jours qui précèdent certains paroxysmes (août 1979, sept. 1980, févr. et mars 1981), on constate une rapide diminution de l'amplitude du tremor, qui peut être associée à des variations du champ de contrainte déterminant, localement, la genèse de fractures nouvelles ou la fermeture/ouverture de fractures pré-existantes.
    Notes: Abstract A period of exceptional eruptive activity for both size and frequency of lateral eruptions, and violence of paroxysms at the summit craters characterized Etna from 1977 to 1983. The complex fissure eruption of 1971 and the eccentric eruption of 1974 on the W flank appear to be precursors of the present activity, which began in July 1977 with the change in style of summit eruptions from moderate persistent activity to intermittent paroxysms. The NE Crater produced a score of such unusual eruptions up to March 1978, lasting a few days or even a few hours with powerful lava fountaining and flows up to 7 km long with high effusion rates. Other solely explosive paroxysms occurred in April 1980 in the Chasm (Central Crater) and later at the SE Crater. A return to a period of gentle persistent activity (May–August 1980) at the latter vent was interrupted by the recommencement of violent explosive and effusive events at the NE Crater in September 1980 and February 1981. Particularly remarkable lateral (flank) eruptions occurred in April–June 1978 (fracturing of the SE slope from 3000 to 2600 m altitude), August 1978 (SE, ENE, 3000–2300 m), November 1978 (SE, 3000–1650 m), August 1979 (SE, E, NE, 3000–1600 m), March 1981 (NNW, 2600–1120 m) and March–August 1983 (S, 2700–2260 m). The first four of these eruptions were preceded and accompanied by violent lava fountaining at the SE Crater. All were accompanied and/or followed by phreatic explosions, principally from the Bocca Nuova (or W Central Crater). The flow emitted on 4th August 1979 from the eastern flank reached next to the village of Fornazzo in half a day. That of 17 March 1981 — the most destructive — cut all communications (roads and railways) round the northern foot of the mountain in the 14 hours following its appearance. It was in places 800 m wide, and in less than 5 days, 18 × 106 m3 of lava had been emitted, covering 6 km2 of largely agricultural land. From 28th March to 6th August 1983, the slow but sustained emission of lava gradually covered and destroyed several tourist installations between 2300 and 1100 m altitude. Each of these eruptive paroxysms was marked by a substantial increase in the trace amplitude of harmonic seismic tremor, the intensity of which being not directly proportional to the observed activity. It is likely that turbulence caused by the rising of magma in the main conduits had an important effect in the energy of the tremor: this is considerably reduced after the initial paroxysmal phase (e.g. in 1983), yet the lava effusion may continue. Tremor energy attains relatively high levels from 1 to 5 months before eruptions. This may be caused by the recharging of the system of dykes and fissures, leading up to an eruptive event after a variable period. Several distinct periods of recharging may precede one eruption (there were three before the 1983 eruption). In the few days preceding the start of some of the eruptions (Aug. 1979, Sep. 1980, Feb. and Mar. 1981), a rapid diminution in the amplitude of tremor occurred. This may be associated with changes in the stress field caused by the opening of new fractures or the closing/opening of pre-existing ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Spectral analyses of volcanic tremor at Etna during January 1984–March 1985, have been performed and the relationship between tremor energy and observed volcanic phenomena have been examined. The highest energy levels have been observed during the paroxysmal phases of eruptions, whereas a gradual decrease was linked to the lowering of eruptive activity. Amplitude variations with time of some spectral frequency peaks (0.95, 1.20, 1.45, 1.65, 1.80 and 2.40 Hz) have been compared with volcanic activity at the summit craters, and on the basis of these results a new schematic diagram for the feeding system of the summit vents is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 125 (1987), S. 951-970 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; earthquakes ; eruptions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the present state of seismological research at Mt. Etna. A schematic classification of the earthquakes that occur on the volcano is proposed, based on both seismogram and spectrum features. We have made both focal solutions and estimates of earthquake source parameters (stress drop values between 2 and 20 bars and small source dimensions). The crust of Etna thus appears as an extremely heterogeneous medium that does not permit great stress accumulation. The coexistence of an extensional regime with an older and deeper compressive one seems confirmed at depths greater than about 7 km. Eruptive and seismic phenomena occur mainly along the principal structural trends of the volcano, but often the directions of the eruptive fractures and the earthquake concentration during the same eruption do not coincide. Tectonics seem to play an important role in controlling seismo-volcanic behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 125 (1987), S. 1039-1050 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Q ; volcanic earthquakes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract CodaQ for Etna volcano is frequency dependent and theQ frequency pattern and the numerical values ranging from about 100 at 1 Hz to about 300 at 18 Hz are similar to the values obtained for other volcanoes: Campi Flegrei, Aeolian Islands and Hawaii. Moreover the frequency pattern and the numerical values of coda quality factor, for most of the seismically active zones of Italy are very different from those of the volcanic zones. Several studies of the location of magma chambers show the presence of magma pockets beneath Lipari and Vulcano Islands of the Aeolian archipelago and an anomalous low velocity body beneath Etna. These evidences suggest that a possible interpretation of the characteristic frequency pattern ofQ on volcanic areas is that the presence of magma can modify the scattering environment and consequently the codaQ estimates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 125 (1987), S. 1079-1095 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; volcanic tremor ; eruptive precursors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Volcanic tremor on Etna seems to have its origin within the main magma feeding system. On the basis of both spectral analyses at two permanent seismic stations and periodical measurements along the slopes of the volcano, two distinct sources are proposed. The former, characterized by low frequency contents (f〈1.5 Hz), is located in a 2 km deep flat magma chamber, whereas the latter source seems to be linked to the upper part of the active vents. Turbulent motions in the magma-gas mixture, induced by escaping gases within the conduits, is one proposed cause of volcanic tremor on Etna (Seidl et al., 1981). From spectral analyses we propose approximate models of the feeding system of the main summit craters. Time variations of tremor energy were also investigated, and no regular patterns have been observed for the studied eruptions. More systematic information seems to be needed for a better knowledge of both the source model and location, and correlation between tremor features and volcanic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...