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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 50 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Left sciatic nerves of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were crushed and allowed to recover for 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, or 14 days. At each of these times both L-5 dorsal root ganglia were injected with 100 μCi of [3H]glucosamine. Two days later, dorsal root ganglia, lumbosacral trunks, and sciatic nerves were removed bilaterally. The amounts of radiolabelled ganglioside in crushed lumbosacral trunks were consistently higher than in the controls, with the largest difference occurring within 2 days from simultaneous crush and injection to killing (specimens labelled day 0). The largest difference in the amount of radiolabelled ganglioside between crushed and control sciatic nerve (4–9 days from crush to killing) occurred later than that of lumbosacral trunk, but no significant difference occurred within the first 3 days following crush. There was only a slightly higher radioactivity in gangliosides totalled from all three anatomical specimens of crushed than in control nerves. The neutral nonganglioside lipid and acid-precipitable fraction followed patterns of synthesis and accumulation similar to those of the gangliosides. These findings indicate that after nerve crush gangliosides, glucosamine-labelled neutral nonganglioside lipids, and glycoproteins accumulate close to the proximal end of the regenerating axon. This accumulation could serve as a reservoir to increase the ganglioside concentration in the growth cone membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 68 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: GM1 enhances nerve growth factor (NGF)-stimulated neuritogenesis and prevents apoptotic death of PC12 cells; both may be due to enhancement of TrkA dimerization. In this study, we examined the effect of GM1 on NGF-induced TrkA dimerization in Trk-PC12 (6–24) cells. NGF increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the 140-kDa protein (TrkA monomer), and preincubation with GM1 potentiated this effect. Adding the protein cross-linker bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate with NGF resulted in the appearance of two major bands (220 and 330 kDa) when probed with antibodies against TrkA or phosphotyrosine, and GM1 also enhanced this effect. We interpret the 330-kDa band as being a homodimer of TrkA. The identity of the 220-kDa band is still not certain but may consist of a posttranslationally modified form of TrkA. Our results suggest that GM1 is augmenting the effects of NGF on PC12 cells by enhancing the dimerization and activation of the TrkA receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A stochastic predator/prey model describing the interaction betweenTetranychus urticae andPhytoseiulus persimilis in investigated via computer simulations and pilot experiments on Lima beans in a greenhouse. Most demographic events, including predation, death due to unknown causes, dispersal, and oviposition, are modelled as stochastic processes. Transitions from eggs to nymphs and from nymphs to adults are deterministic, as are management decisions (release of predators and application of miticide). Computer simulations provide adequate and realistic representations of biological processes, and the model shows stability over a range of inputs. Experimental validation of the model continues. Predictions of the model for optimal predator release or optimal timing of acaricide application have yet to be tested experimentally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using a heteroduplex approach and direct sequencing, we have completed the screening of approximately 88% of the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)-coding sequence of DNA extracted from 33 schwannomas from NF2 patients and from 29 patients with sporadic schwannomas. The extensive screening has resulted in the identification of 33 unique mutations. Similarly to other human genes, we have shown that the CpG sites are more highly mutable in the NF2 gene. The frequency, distribution, and types of mutations were shown to differ between the sporadic and familial tumors. The majority of the mutations resulted in protein truncation and were consistent with more severe phenotype, however three missense mutations were identified during this study and were all associated with milder manifestations of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: gangliosides ; GM1 ; sialidase ; NeuAc2en ; glioma ; neuroblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several lines of evidence suggest that gangliosides may play a role in the regulation of growth in many cell types. Here we describe the effects on growth of two different cell lines by the addition of two different chemicals which have been reported to elevate the cellular ganglioside content through different mechanisms. Growth of neuroblastoma (Neuro 2a) cells in medium containing fetal bovine serum was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by both exogenous GM1 ganglioside and NeuAc2en, an inhibitor of sialidase activity. In contrast, growth of glioma cells (U-1242 MG) was not affected by exogenous GM1 or NeuAc2en in the presence of as little as 1% calf serum. However, NeuAc2en inhibited growth of U-1242 MG cells stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor in serum-free medium. These results demonstrate that the growth inhibitory effects of ganglioside on U-1242 MG but not Neuro 2a cells can be counteracted by serum, suggesting that the mechanisms through which gangliosides affect cell growth may be different for different growth factors and cell types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: glioma ; Natural Killer cells ; chromium release assay ; cell mediated immunology ; substrate attached targets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have developed an in vitro assay for Natural Killer (NK) cell cytolysis of and binding to substrate attached human glioma and fetal brain cells. The monolayer cells were labeled with [51Cr] and the effectors were directly sedimented onto these substrate attached target cells. Using this method we screened several glioma and fetal brain cell lines. The results indicate that the majority of gliomas are NK resistant, however two of the tested lines (U251MG and BN3) were relatively sensitive as were the fetal brain cell lines (CHI and CHII). We conclude that this monolayer assay for NK cytotoxicity and binding of glioma targets is a reproducible and valid method for assessing NK sensitivity, and should have applications in the study of other cultured solid tumors and substrate attached cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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