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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les résultats à 8 ans d'une étude clinique prospective randomisée concernant trois méthodes thérapeutiques appliquées chez 311 femmes atteintes d'un cancer du sein au stade II sont rapportés par les auteurs. L'action après mastectomie de la combinaison cyclosphamide, méthotrexate et 5-fluouracil (C) a été comparée à celle associant d'une part C à un agent anti-oestrogénique: le citrate de tamoxifène (CT) et d'autre part CT à la vaccination par le BCG (CTBCG). Les récepteurs oestrogéniques (ER) ont été dosés systématiquement. L'adjonction de l'agent anti-oestrogénique (CT) a diminué significativement le taux des récidives à 8 ans. Cette diminution a été plus marquée chez les malades ER positifs qui présentaient: (a) 4 ganglions positifs; (b) diamètre tumoral ≥3 cm; (c) période suivant la ménopause. En revanche, l'adjonction de cet agent anti-oestrogénique n'a eu aucune influence chez les malades qui présentaient un dosage ER négatif. L'immunothérapie à l'aide de la vaccination par le BCG n'a eu aucun effet probant. La mesure du récepteur oestrogénique de la tumeur représente un facteur de pronostic de valeur considérable. Les malades à ER positif ont un taux de récidive et un taux de décès à 8 ans plus faibles. Les dosages de l'oestrogène et de la progestérone sont des facteurs essentiels du choix du traitement endocrinien. Ils doivent être pratiqués chez tous les malades atteints de cancer du sein.
    Abstract: Resumen Se informan los resultados a 8 años de un estudio clínico prospectivo y aleatorizado con 3 regímenes terapéuticos en 311 mujeres con cáncer de seno estado II, en quienes se comparó ciclofosfamida, metotrexato 5-fluoruracido (Ci) con C más la droga antiestrógeno citrato de tamoxifen (Nolvadex®) (CT) y CT más vacunaciones con bacilo Calmette-Guérin (CTBCG) como terapia adyuvante postmastectomía. Se determinaron receptores de estrógeno (RE) en todos los tumores primarios. La adición de Nolvadex® a la quimioterapia redujo en forma significativa el número de recurrencias a 8 años. Esta reducción en la recurrencia fué más notoria en las pacientes con tumores RE positivos, así: (a) en aquellas con ≥ 4 ganglios positivos; (b) en aquellas con tumores con diámetros ≥ 3 cm; (c) en mujeres postmenopáusicas. La adición de Nolvadex® al regimen C no exhibió efectos sobre la supervivencia libre de enfermedad en pacientes con tumores RE negativos. La inmunoterapia con vacunaciones BCG no exhibió efecto demostrable sobre la supervivencia libre de enfermedad. La determinación de RE en el tumor primario provee una información pronóstica importante, no importa cual sea el tratamiento. Los pacientes RE positivos exhiben más bajas tasas de recurrencia y de mortalidad a los 8 años. Tanto las mediciones de receptores de estrógeno como las de receptores de progesterona tienen valor en la predicción de la respuesta a la terapia endocrina y deben ser realizadas en toda paciente con cáncer de seno.
    Notes: Abstract The 8-year results of a prospective, randomized, clinical trial of 3 treatment regimens in 311 women with stage II breast cancer are reported. Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (C) were compared with C plus the anti-estrogen drug tamoxifen citrate (Nolvadex®) (CT) and CT plus Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccinations (CTBCG) as adjuvant therapy postmastectomy. Estrogen receptors (ER) were measured in all primary tumors. The addition of Nolvadex® to chemotherapy significantly decreased the number of recurrences at 8 years. This decrease in recurrence was more pronounced in estrogen receptor-positive patients as follows: (a) those with ≥ 4 positive lymph nodes; (b) those with tumor diameters ≥ 3 cm; and (c) postmenopausal women. Addition of Nolvadex® to C had no effect on disease-free survival in patients with ER-negative tumors. Immunotherapy with BCG vaccinations had no discernible effect on disease-free survival. Estrogen receptor measurements in the primary tumor provide important prognostic information regardless of treatment. Estrogen receptor-positive patients have a lower recurrence rate and lower mortality after 8 years. Both estrogen and progesterone receptor measurements have predictive value for response to endocrine therapy and should be determined in all patients with breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: adjuvant treatment ; breast cancer ; estrogen receptors ; tamoxifen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five-year results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial of three treatment regimes—(a) cytoxan, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF); (b) CMF plus the antiestrogen drug, tamoxifen (CMFT); and (c) CMFT plus bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccinations—in 312 women with stage-II breast cancer are reported. Estrogen receptors (ER) were measured in all of the primary tumors. Addition of tamoxifen to CMF therapy significantly decreased the number of recurrences at five years in ER positive patients with four or more positive axillary lymph nodes. Addition of tamoxifen to CMF had no effect on disease-free survival in ER-positive patients with 1–3 positive axillary lymph nodes or in patients with ER-negative tumors. Addition of BCG vaccinations had no discernible effect on disease-free survival. ER measurements in the primary tumor provide important prognostic information regardless of treatment, with ER-positive patients having lower recurrence rates and mortality after five years. ER measurements also have predictive value for response to endocrine therapy. Further follow-up is needed to determine whether tamoxifen is delaying recurrence or preventing it in a subset of these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: antiestrogen ; hypophysectomy ; androgens ; chemotherapy ; sequential ; survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Follow-up data of 113 patients with stage IV breast cancer treated with the antiestrogen tamoxifen show that the duration of remission is in average in excess of 21 months with a median of 16 months. Survival from start of antiestrogen therapy was significantly longer in patients who responded to tamoxifen, in those with dominant site of disease in the soft tissue, and in those with less extensive metastatic involvement. Overall survival from onset of metastasis was also much longer in patients who had responded to tamoxifen than in those who had failed (median of 52 and a half months vs 23 months). Hypophysectomy and androgen therapy used sequentially after antiestrogen each induced further remissions in almost half of the patients with a median duration of 16 months and 10 months respectively. Five drug chemotherapy used in most patients after maximum benefit had been obtained with endocrine therapy induced remissions in two-thirds of the patients with a median duration of 8 months. Adriamycin used sequentially as a single agent induced significant further palliation in almost half of the patients with a median duration of 4 and a half months. We conclude that sequential endocrine therapy and chemotherapy is highly effective in the treatment of stage IV breast cancer and offers prolonged survival to patients with hormone responsive tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: estrogen receptor ; menopausal status ; prognostic factors ; stage I breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prognostic value of estrogen receptor determination was studied for 510 stage I (axillary node negative) breast cancer patients treated by mastectomy alone. Results at 60 months after mastectomy indicate that stage I patients whose tumors lack estrogen receptors fall into a significantly poorer prognostic group for both recurrence and survival than those whose tumors contain estrogen receptors. Within the postmenopausal group, estrogen receptor negative (ER −) patients are recurring more rapidly than estrogen receptor positive (ER +) patients. Within the premenopausal group, ER + patients have a recurrence rate identical to ER− patients, which is apparent only after prolonged follow-up. In contrast to postmenopausal ER + patients, premenopausal ER + patients appear to have no prognostic advantage over the ER − patients, and thus constitute a high risk group for which adjuvant endocrine therapy might prove beneficial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: estrogen receptor ; antiestrogen ; tamoxifen ; chemotherapy ; immunotherapy ; stage II breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A prospective, randomized clinical trial of adjuvant treatment of 318 stage II breast cancer patients, using chemotherapy, the antiestrogen tamoxifen, and immunotherapy is reported at 48 months follow-up. Women whose primary tumors have no estrogen receptors fall into a significantly poorer prognostic group than those whose tumors contain estrogen receptors. None of the adjuvant regimens appeared to offer any clear-cut advantage for the estrogen receptor negative patients. Those women whose primary tumor contains estrogen receptors appear to be in a prognostically favorable group, when their treatment regimen included the antiestrogen, tamoxifen. The adjuvant use of BCG immunotherapy does not appear to offer additional benefit, but the follow-up period of these treated patients is too brief to be conclusive. A longer period of observation is needed to determine whether this systemic treatment in estrogen receptor positive patients is preventing recurrence or merely delaying it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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