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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 524-525 (Sept. 2006), p. 267-272 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper we discuss certain aspects of residual stress measurementsusing energy-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction using very high X-ray energiesin the range up to 200keV. In particular, we focus on the strain resolution and itsrelation to the geometric contribution to the instrumental resolution. This energyrange together with the brilliance of insertion devices allows measurements in bulkmaterials with penetration approaching those of neutrons, and the technique isdemonstrated to have a high potential for residual stress determination. However, theuse of high X-ray energies implies a relatively small diffraction angle and in turn arelatively elongated gauge volume, which favours the application of the technique toessentially 2D problems
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 571-572 (Mar. 2008), p. 119-124 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: There have been many theoretical studies to predict the stress fields around the tip of agrowing fatigue crack. However, until recently the highly-localized, small scale nature of thestresses has meant that direct measurement has not been possible. With the current generation ofsynchrotron X-ray sources, sub-millimetre sampling dimensions are now possible, and it hasbecome possible to evaluate directly the stresses at the tip of a fatigue crack and to see how thestresses evolve as the result of an overload, for example.In this paper we present results of synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis of the stress fieldsaround a fatigue crack in aluminium alloy 5091 (Al-Mg-Li-C-O); this is a dispersion-strengthenedalloy with a fine grain size, which makes it ideal for such experiments. Compact tension (CT)specimens were prepared with constant amplitude fatigue loading. The energy dispersive X-raydiffraction (EDXRD) technique was used for measuring strains around the crack tip along the midthickness of the specimen under in-situ loading. The measurement was carried out at the ESRF(European Synchrotron Radiation Facility), Grenoble, France on the ID15A beam line. Theexperimental crack tip stresses have been compared with the analytical fracture mechanics solution
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Friction welding processes, such as friction stir welding (FSW) and inertia frictionwelding (IFW) are popular candidate procedures for joining engineering materials (includingdissimilar pairs) for advanced applications. The advantages of friction welding include lack of largescale material melting, ability to join dissimilar materials, and relatively low propensity to introducedefects into the weld joint. For these reasons FSW and IFW have become the subjects of a numberof studies aimed at optimising the joining operations to obtain improved joint strength and reducedistortion and residual stress. In the present study we used the diffraction of high energypolychromatic synchrotron X-rays to measure interplanar lattice spacings and deduce nominalelastic strains in friction stir welds between dissimilar aluminium alloys AA5083 and AA6082, andin coupons from inertia friction welds between dissimilar nickel-base superalloys IN718 andRR1000. Energy-dispersive diffraction profiles were collected by two detectors mounted in thehorizontal and vertical diffraction planes, providing information about lattice strains in two nearlyperpendicular directions lying almost in the plane of the plate samples mounted perpendicularly tothe incident beam. Two-dimensional maps of residual stresses in friction-welded joints wereconstructed. Apart from the 2D mapping technique, the sin2ψ method (transmission) was also usedin the case of inertia friction-welded joint between nickel alloys. Comparison between the tworesults allowed the variation of the lattice parameter with the distance from the bond line to bededuced. It was found that friction welding of two dissimilar materials with significant strengthmismatch may lead to the creation of a region of compressive stress in the vicinity of the bond line,in contrast with the behaviour observed for joints between similar materials
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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