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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved Oocyte Quality through Improved Ovulation Induction Regimen (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 541 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb22241.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors responsible for multiple pregnancies after ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination with gonadotropins (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 13 (1996), S. 663-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: artificial insemination ; multiple pregnancy ; superovulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: The present study was undertaken in order to analyze possible factors that could be responsible for multiple pregnancies in normoovulatory women undergoing superovulation with gonadotropins and intrauterine artificial insemination. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed several clinical parameters in patients that achieved gestation with this treatment. Patients were divided into two groups depending on sperm origin (husband and donor sperm). Furthermore, they were subclassified as follows: (a) cycles resulting in single pregnancies (n=366), (b) cycles ending in multiple pregnancies (n=126), and (c) a control group composed of unsuccessful cycles (n=366). Results: In cycles employing husband's sperm, the age, number of cycles necessary to reach pregnancy, serum estradiol (E2) levels, and number of follicles were significantly (P〈0.05) different in multiple pregnancies compared to single or nonpregnant cycles. In donor insemination, women with multiple pregnancies were significantly younger than nonpregnant patients. There was a significant increase in the number of follicles developed (P〈0.00001) and serum E2 levels on the day of hCG (P〈0.05) in multiple compared to single pregnancies and unsuccessful cycles. The number of motile sperm in the insemination specimen was not different among the established groups. When both types of treatments were grouped, pregnant patients were significantly (P〈0.00001) younger than women with failed cycles. In addition, multifetal pregnancies were significantly (P〈0.05) more frequent in women 〈30 years old. E2 production was significantly (P〈0.00008) higher in twin and multifetal pregnancies than in single or nonpregnant cycles. Follicular development was also significantly (P〈0.00001) higher in twin and multifetal pregnancies compared to failed cycles. Conclusions: The results suggest that young women (〈30 years) who develop more than six follicles with E2 〉1000 pg/ml when stimulated with gonadotropins are at higher risk of multiple gestation. These data may be helpful in preventing this undesired complication of assisted reproduction techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02069646
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokines in Older Patients Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: The Relationship to the Response to Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 16 (1999), S. 247-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: age ; low responders ; follicular fluid ; serum ; interleukin-1β ; interleukin-6 ; vascular endothelial growth factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: Our purpose was to assess the endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine milieu in follicles of older women undergoing stimulated cycles, comparing normal (NR) and low (LR) responses, based on the measurement of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum and follicular fluid (FF). Methods: A total of 40 women entered the study, divided into three groups: (1) older patients (〉37 years) with NR (age-NR; n = 18); (2) older women with LR (age-LR; n = 11); and (3) normal controls, aged 〈35 years (control; n = 11). IL-1β, IL-6, and VEGF measured in serum (day of ovum pickup) and FF, employing ELISAs. Results: Follicular fluid IL-6 was significantly (P 〈 0.05) higher in age-LR compared to the other two groups. IL-6 and VEGF showed a 4- to 20-fold increase in FF compared to blood, suggesting the ovary as an additional source of both cytokines. IL-1β levels remained unchanged in FF compared to blood and, also, among groups. Conclusions: These data provide further evidence that the endocrine, paracrine, and/or autocrine status in vivo of older patients is different from that of younger women and suggest that cytokines, specifically IL-6, may be involved in the changes observed during senescence within the ovary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020363312252
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the incubation temperature on the cleavage rate of mouse embryos in vitro (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 5 (1988), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: embryo cleavage ; incubation temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the effect of an elevated incubation temperature on the in vitro cleavage rate of one- and two-cell mouse embryos. Two-cell embryos demonstrated a significantly higher rate of cleavage when incubated at 39°C as compared to 37 or 41°C. When recovered at the onecell stage, the difference in cleavage rate between the groups incubated at 37 and 39°C did not reach significance. While the morphology of the embryos incubated at 37°C did not differ from that of the embryos incubated at 39°C in either group, a significantly higher rate of degeneration was noted in the group of two-cell embryos incubated at 41°C. These findings may apply to the human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer system (IVF-ET), where the existing “lag” between embryo and endometrium could be narrowed if embryo cleavage rates could be accelerated. Further documentation of the normality of these “advanced” embryos is required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01131181
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implications of Sperm Chromosome Abnormalities in Recurrent Miscarriage (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 16 (1999), S. 253-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: unexplained recurrent miscarriage ; chromosome abnormalities ; sperm ; nuclei ; fluorescence in situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: Our purpose was to assess the existence of sperm chromosome abnormalities in recurrent pregnancy loss in an assisted reproduction program. Methods: In this prospective study, 12 sperm samples from couples undergoing in vitro fertilization with two or more first-trimester spontaneous abortions were analyzed. Diploidy and disomy in decondensed sperm nuclei were assessed for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y using two- and three-color fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results: Sex chromosome disomy in sperm samples from recurrent abortion couples was significantly increased compared to that from internal controls (0.84% vs 0.37%). In a subpopulation of seven couples who underwent oocyte donation, mean frequencies for sex chromosome disomy (1%) were even higher and diploidy (0.43%) was also significantly increased. Conclusions: These results suggest an implication of sperm chromosome abnormalities in some cases of recurrent pregnancy loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020315529090
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraovarian markers of follicular and oocyte maturation (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 4 (1987), S. 205-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: follicular and oocyte maturation ; intrafollicular markers ; in vitro fertilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The use of ovulation induction for multiple follicular growth in in vitro fertilization (IVF) has introduced the problem of follicular asynchrony. As a consequence of the asynchrony, the parameters most commonly used by IVF groups to assess follicular and oocyte quality within those follicles are not sufficiently sensitive or specific. Thus, each follicle must be considered separately, and specific markers of follicular and/or oocyte maturation must be sought from within the follicle. In this review we analyze previous reports of potential markers of follicular and oocyte maturation. In regards to the follicular fluid constituents, the level of estradiol in follicular fluid correlates with fertilization and pregnancy in stimulated cycles. Other steroids are only helpful when specific stimulation protocols are used. The level of some follicular proteins such as alpha-1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen also correlates with fertilization and pregnancy outcome. Cyclic AMP levels in follicular fluid are significantly reduced in follicles leading to conception. Regulators of oocyte maturation, such as the Oocyte Maturation Inhibitor (OMI) or the Meiosis Inducing Substance (MIS) have also been correlated with IVF outcome, but their exact structure remains still unknown. In addition, other sophisticated parameters, such as chemotactic activity of human leukocytes, or simple methods, such as the presence of intrafollicular echoes, have also been used as successful markers in predicting IVF outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01533758
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Potential Use of Maturation In Vitro of Human Oocytes in Low Responder Patients (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 17 (2000), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: low responder ; in vitro human oocyte maturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: To assess whether maturation in vitro of humanoocytes (MIVHO) could be an alternative treatment in lowresponders to ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization(IVF). Methods: Prospective case=ncontrol study. Spontaneouslyovulatory women who volunteered were included in ourprogram of MIVHO at the Instituto Valenciano deInfertilidad. Rates of oocyte retrieval, in vitro maturation,fertilization, and development up to the blastocyst stage werestudied. Results: A significantly increased rate of oocyte retrievalwas found when the pickup was performed before follicularselection. No differences were found when MIVHO was usedin a low responder patient with an ovarian content of earlyantral follicles 〉 5 as compared to normal responders. Conclusions: MIVHO could be a successful choice in lowresponder patients with an acceptable number of early antralfollicles. Oocyte retrieval should be performed beforefollicular selection in order to obtain more oocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009405730750
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of prefreeze in vitro culturing on the success of embryo freezing in mice (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 6 (1989), S. 176-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: embryo freezing ; mouse ; in vitro culturing ; in vivo development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is currently a controversy as to whether the prolonged in vitro culturing of embryos before freezing has a deleterious effect on their ability to survive freezing and thawing. We compared the survival rate of frozen/thawed mouse embryos after in vitro culturing, from the two-cell stage through the eight-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages, with the survival of embryos developed in vivo to the same stages. Following induced superovulation and mating, embryos in the desired cleavage stage were flushed from the oviducts andlor uterus and either cultured in vitro or frozen immediately in sterile glass ampoules to −40°C and plunged into liquid nitrogen for storage. Dimethyl sulfoxide (1.5M) was used as cryoprotectant. After thawing, the survival rate (determined by the morphological appearance of the embryos) was significantly lower in the eight-cell stage embryos in the group grown in vivo (P〈0.05). The number of embryos developing into expanded and hatched blastocysts was not significantly different when the in vivo vs in vitro cultures were compared over each of the three cleavage stages: eight cells (82 vs 83%), morula (92 vs 87%), and blastocyst (33 vs 51%), respectively. There was a significant decrease in the development rate of blastocyststage embryos when compared with earlier stages under both culture conditions (P〈0.001). It is concluded that, compared to in vivo-grown embryos frozen at the same stages, prolonged in vitro culture does not reduce the embryos' ability to develop normally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01130784
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