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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    l-Selectin expression on neutrophils from allergic patients (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background L-selectin (CD62L) is an adhesion molecule involved in leucocyte attachment to endothelium at sites of inflammation, and it has been demonstrated that L-selectin is rapidly shed after neutrophil activation. Recently, it has been reported that there is increasing evidence of neutrophil participation in asthma and the allergic process.Objective The present study was designed to determine whether an IgE-dependent mechanism can modulate L-selectin expression on the surface of neutrophils. Moreover, we analyse the potential implication of intracellular signal-transduction pathways and whether specific immunotherapy (IT), glucocorticoids and antihistamines might regulate this process.Methods Peripheral blood neutrophils from three groups of donors (asthmatic group without IT treatment, IT-treated asthmatic group and healthy group) were used. Cells were challenged in vitro with the specific allergen that produced clinical symptoms in asthmatic patients and also with the allergen to which the patients were not sensitive. Neutrophils from healthy donors were also challenged with allergens. Expression of CD62L on the neutrophil surface was analysed by flow cytometry, and soluble CD62L (sCD62L) in culture supernatant by ELISA. In an attempt to discover which IgE receptor is involved, we also challenged the neutrophils with monoclonal antibody to FcɛRI, FcɛRII (CD23) and galectin-3 receptors.Results When neutrophils from allergic patients were challenged with specific allergens that produce clinical allergy symptoms, L-selectin was down-regulated from the surface of those cells, accompanied by a concomitant up-regulation of soluble L-selectin in the supernatant. The challenge with antibodies against FCɛRI, FCɛRII (CD23) and galectin-3, induces down-modulation of L-selectin on the surface of the neutrophils in all three cases. Calphostin C, wortmannin and manoalide attenuated CD62L down-regulation, suggesting the potential implication of protein kinase C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phospholipase A2 in the process. IT and glucocorticoids modulated allergen-dependent CD62L down-regulation, whereas antihistamines (terfenadine, loratadine and cetirizine) or nedocromil sodium did not affect the shedding of L-selectin.Conclusions We present evidence that the neutrophil surface expression of CD62L can be modulated by an allergen-dependent mechanism. The modulation of CD62L expression can be induced through the three receptors of IgE. This process can be affected by IT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02320.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk Factors for Hip Fracture in Men from Southern Europe: The MEDOS Study (1999)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 9 (1999), S. 45-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Body mass index – Calcium intake – Hip fracture – Men – Physical activity – Tea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The aims of this study were to identify risk factors for hip fracture in men aged 50 years or more. We identified 730 men with hip fracture from 14 centers from Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Greece and Turkey during the course of a prospective study of hip fracture incidence and 1132 age-stratified controls selected from the neighborhood or population registers. The questionnaire examined aspects of work, physical activity past and present, diseases and drugs, height, weight, indices of co-morbidity and consumption of tobacco, alcohol, calcium, coffee and tea. Significant risk factors identified by univariate analysis included low body mass index (BMI), low sunlight exposure, a low degree of recreational physical activity, low consumption of milk and cheese, and a poor mental score. Co-morbidity including sleep disturbances, loss of weight, impaired mental status and poor appetite were also significant risk factors. Previous stroke with hemiplegia, prior fragility fractures, senile dementia, alcoholism and gastrectomy were associated with significant risk, whereas osteoarthrosis, nephrolithiasis and myocardial infarction were associated with lower risks. Taking medications was not associated with a difference in risk apart from a protective effect with the use of analgesics independent of co-existing osteoarthrosis and an increased risk with the use of anti-epileptic agents. Of the potentially ‘reversible’ risk factors, BMI, leisure exercise, exposure to sunlight and consumption of tea and alcohol and tobacco remained independent risk factors after multivariate analysis, accounting for 54% of hip fractures. Excluding BMI, 46% of fractures could be explained on the basis of the risk factors sought. Of the remaining factors low exposure to sunlight and decreased physical activity accounted for the highest attributable risks (14% and 9% respectively). The use of risk factors to predict hip fractures had relatively low sensitivity and specificity (59.6% and 61.0% respectively). We conclude that lifestyle factors are associated with significant differences in the risk of hip fracture. Potentially remediable factors including a low degree of physical exercise and a low BMI account for a large component of the total risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050115
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Femoral Bone Mineral Density, Neck-Shaft Angle and Mean Femoral Neck Width as Predictors of Hip Fracture in Men and Women (2000)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 11 (2000), S. 714-720 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words: Accidental falls – Densitometry, X-ray – Femur neck – Fractures, prevention and control – Hip fractures – Osteoporosis, complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effect of femoral bone mineral density (BMD) and several parameters of femoral neck geometry (hip axis length, neck–shaft angle and mean femoral neck width) on hip fracture risk in a Spanish population was assessed in a cross-sectional study. All parameters were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. There were 411 patients (116 men, 295 women; aged 60–90 years) with hip fractures in whom measurements were taken in the contralateral hip. Controls were 545 persons (235 men, 310 women; aged 60–90 years) who participated in a previous study on BMD in a healthy Spanish population. Femoral neck BMD was significantly lower, and neck–shaft angle and mean femoral neck width significantly higher, in fracture cases than in controls. The logistic regression analysis adjusted by age, height and weight showed that a decrease of 1 standard deviation (SD) in femoral neck BMD was associated with an odds ratio of hip fracture of 4.52 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.93 to 6.96] in men and 4.45 (95% CI 3.11 to 6.36) in women; an increase of 1 SD in neck–shaft angle of 2.45 (95% CI 1.73 to 3.45) in men and 3.48 (95% CI 2.61 to 4.65) in women; and an increase of 1 SD in mean femoral neck width of 2.15 (95% CI 1.55 to 2.98) in men and 2.40 (95% CI 1.79 to 3.22) in women. The use of a combination of femoral BMD and geometric parameters of the femoral neck except for hip axis length may improve hip fracture risk prediction allowing a better therapeutic strategy for hip fracture prevention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980070071
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A human calcitonin-like molecule in the ultimobranchial body of the amphibia (Rana pipiens) (1981)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 1116-1118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary As assessed by radioimmunoassay, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), frog ultimobranchial calcitonin was found to be similar to synthetic human calcitonin but completely different from synthetic salmon calcitonin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02085045
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone Mineral Density in Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 of Recent Onset (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 62 (1998), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral density — Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus — Auxological parameters.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. There is still controversy over the impact of diabetes control and duration on bone mass and growth parameters in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The aim of this study was to assess bone mineral density (BMD) at axial and appendicular sites, in children with noncomplicated IDDM of recent onset, and its relation to metabolic control and auxological parameters (weight, height, and puberal stage). Fifty-five young Spanish IDDM, otherwise healthy patients (26 males, aged (SD 9.7 ± 4.3 years) and 29 females, aged (SD 11.2 ± 3.8 years) were studied. Duration of diabetes was 1–13.8 years. Two hundred eighty-two age-matched, healthy, Spanish children served as controls. HbA1 was assayed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and BMD was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) densitometry at the spine and forearm. Results showed a Gaussian BMD distribution of patients according to sex and age, without sexual-stage differences. There was no correlation between BMD and glycated hemoglobin (average life disease or last HbA1 values) or duration of the disease; moreover, no differences in bone mass were found between 〈3 and ≥3 years of disease duration. Diabetes impact index (mean HbA1× duration of disease in months) showed no significant influence of diabetes control on BMD. We could not demonstrate any impact of diabetes on BMD and growth parameters in children with IDDM of short duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900390
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone Density Reduction in Various Measurement Sites in Men and Women with Osteoporotic Fractures of Spine and Hip: The European Quantitation of Osteoporosis Study (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 64 (1999), S. 191-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Dual X-ray absorptiometry — Quantitative computed tomography — Hip fracture — Spine fracture — Osteoporosis—Normal ranges.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We have measured bone mineral density (BMD) using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the spine and hip, spinal quantitative computed tomography (QCTspi), and peripheral radial quantitative computed tomography (pQCTrad) in 334 spine and 51 hip fracture patients. The standardized hip and spine BMD for each patient was calculated and compared with the combined reference ranges published previously, each densitometer having been cross-calibrated with the prototype European Spine Phantom (ESPp) or the European Forearm Phantom (EFP). Male and female fracture cases had similar BMD values after adjusting for body size, where appropriate. This suggests that the relationship between bone density (mass per unit volume) and fracture risk is similar between men and women. However, compared with age-matched controls, mean decreases in BMD ranged from 0.78 SD units (women with hip fracture, DXAspi) to 2.57 SD units (men with spine fractures, QCTspi). The proportion of spine and hip fracture patients falling below the cutoff for osteoporosis (T-score 〈−2.5 SD) proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) study group varied according to different BMD measurement procedures (range 18–94%). This finding suggests that the WHO definition requires different thresholds when used with non-DXA BMD measurement techniques. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare measurement techniques for their ability to discriminate between cases and controls. Among DXA sites, the proximal femur was preferred when evaluating generalized bone loss, particularly in elderly people. An additional spinal BMD measurement may add clinical value if spine fracture risk assessment has a high priority. Both axial and peripheral QCT techniques performed comparably to DXA in spinal osteoporosis, so investigators and clinicians may use any of the three technologies with similar degrees of confidence for the diagnosis of generalized or site-specific bone loss providing straightforward clinical guidelines are followed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900601
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ADFR therapy in the prevention of bone loss after menopause (1989)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 8 (1989), S. 56-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Postmenopausal ; Osteoporosis ; ADFR Therapy ; Phosphorms ; Calcitonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Estrogens retard bone loss after menopause and constitute the most logical therapy for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Estrogens are contraindicated in some circumstances and some postmenopausal women are unwilling to accept them. We have used ADFR therapy as an alternative in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. One hundred women in the early postmenopausal period (6–24 months since the last menses) were introduced into the study. 50 were treated with placebo and 50 were treated with ADFR therapy (phosphorus 1.5 gr/day during 3 days, followed by SCT 100 UI/day during 10 days and calcium 1 gr/day). After 77 days without any therapy we repeated the cycles every 3 months. Bone mass was evaluated at the beginning and at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months by dual-photon absorptionmetry lumbar spine. In the control group, the mean spinal BMD decreased 7.31% after 12 months and 6.16% after 18 months (p〉0.05). The ADFR group only had a mean spinal BMD decrease of 3.79% and 1.1% after 12 and 18 months respectively (NS). Bone loss was greater in control than in ADFR group after 12 and 18 months (p〈0.05 at both times). We conclude that phosphorus and calcitonin like ADFR therapy may be a useful alternative to estrogen for the prevention of accelerated bone loss after menopause.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02207235
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