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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Importance of Neuropeptide Y in the Regulation of Kidney Function (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 611 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48929.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ‘BODY FLUID PRESSURE CONTROL SYSTEM’ RELIES ON THE RENIN–ANGIOTENSIN–ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM: BALANCE STUDIES IN FREELY MOVING DOGS (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The physiological role of the ‘renal body fluid pressure control system’, including the intrarenal mechanism of ‘pressure natriuresis’, is uncertain.2. Balance studies in freely moving dogs address the following questions: (i) what is the physiological contribution of pressure natriuresis to the control of total body sodium (TBS); (ii) to what extent is long-term mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) determined by TBS and total body water (TBW); and (iii) during Na accumulation, is Na stored in an osmotically inactive form?3. Diurnal time-courses of Na excretion (UNaV) and MABP reveal no correlation. Spontaneous MABP changes do not affect UNaV. The long-term 20% reduction of renal perfusion pressure (RPP) results in Na retention via pressure-dependent stimulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), not via a pressure natriuresis mechanism. Prevention of pressure natriuresis does not result in ongoing Na retention when the RAAS is operative. The long-term 20% elevation of RPP induced by sustained TBS elevation facilitates Na excretion via pressure natriuresis, but does not restore TBS to normal.4. Changes in TBW correlate well with changes in TBS (r2 = 0.79). This correlation is even closer when concomitant changes in total body potassium are also considered (r2 = 0.91).5. With normal or elevated TBW, long-term MABP changes correlate well with TBW changes (r2 = 0.69). At lowered TBW, no correlation is found.6. In conclusion, the physiological role of pressure natriuresis is limited. Pressure natriuresis does not appear to be operative when RPP is changed from −20 to +10% and neurohumoral control of UNaV is unimpeded. Within this range, pressure-dependent changes in the RAAS mediate the effects of changes in RPP on UNaV. Pressure natriuresis may constitute a compensating mechanism under pathophysiological conditions of substantial elevation of RPP. A large portion of the long-term changes in MABP are attributable to changes in TBW. The notion of osmotically inactive Na storage during Na accumulation appears to be invalid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04201.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ANGIOTENSIN II–NITRIC OXIDE INTERACTION IN GLOMERULAR ARTERIOLES (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Resistance changes of the afferent and efferent arterioles determine blood flow and filtration rate in the kidney. The tone of both vessels results from the influence of nerves and humoral and paracrine factors, through a balance of constrictor and dilator systems. Angiotensin (Ang) II and nitric oxide (NO) are important factors determining vascular tone.2. In the present review, we show that, in addition to the basal production of NO, a specific and significant AngII-induced release of NO occurs in glomerular arterioles. Data from investigations of arteriolar contraction, as well as from fluorescence measurements of NO, in the presence of selective angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptor antagonists indicate an AT1 receptor-stimulated release of NO in afferent arterioles.3. The AngII-induced liberation of NO could prevent glomerular arterioles from a marked constriction, particularly in situations of high AngII levels in the kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04203.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resetting of renal autoregulation in conscious dogs: angiotensin II and alpha1-adrenoceptors (1990)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 417 (1990), S. 42-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Kidney ; Sympathetic nervous system ; Reninangiotensin system ; Renal haemodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It has recently been shown, that common carotid occlusion (CCO) impairs autoregulation of renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This study was designed to investigate the mechanisms by which a moderate sympathetic stimulus influences RBF and GFR autoregulation. CCO provided a moderate sympathetic stimulus, and impaired autoregulation by increasing the lower autoregulatory limit of RBF and GFR by 21–30 mmHg. Basal RBF and GFR were not affected. A low-dose intrarenal infusion of the α 1-adrenoceptor agonist methoxamine (which did not change total RBF or GFR) induced a similar shift as CCO (n=5, RBF: +31±11 mmHg, P〈0.05; GFR: +24±4 mmHg, P〈0.01). In another group it was shown, that a combination of CCO with an intrarenal angiotensin II (A II) blockade (saralasin) did not significantly alter the response to CCO (n=7). These data suggest an α 1-adrenergic pathway for the sympathetic resetting of autoregulation. An augmented A II formation does not play a major role in mediating this effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00370767
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-frequency oscillations of the heart rate during ramp load reflect the human anaerobic threshold (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 83 (2000), S. 388-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Exercise ; Heart rate variability ; Respiration ; Cardiorespiratory interaction ; Hilbert transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamic behavior of the high-frequency component (HF 〉 0.15 Hz) of heart rate variability (HRV) and the respiratory frequency in relation to the anaerobic threshold (AT). Twenty-two healthy subjects [mean (SD) age: 24 (6) years, height: 175 (10) cm, body mass: 65 (11) kg] completed a ramp load, with increments of 20 W · min−1, on a cycle ergometer. The AT was determined by the V-slope-method. Respiratory movements of the thorax, and the electrocardiogram were monitored. The instantaneous frequency of the HF component of HRV and of the respiratory signal were obtained by the Hilbert transformation. Both frequencies were closely related, the cross correlation coefficient being between 0.84 and 0.99. Various patterns of HRV and respiration were observed during the protocol. Remarkably, however, in over 90% of these cases, a shift in the instantaneous frequency of the HF component occurred during the transition from aerobic to anaerobic work. The difference between the AT determined by gas analysis and the AT evaluated as the power output (AT f ), calculated using the approximation of the curve of the instantaneous frequency of HF by hyperbolic tangent functions, varied between 2 and 14%. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates significant changes in the behavior of the instantaneous frequency of HF in the region of the AT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210000302
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