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Multibeam energy transfer in a Kerr medium (1990)

Gavrielides, A. ; Peterson, P. R. ; Sharma, M. P. ; [et al.]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 1450-1455

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: Multibeam coupling in a Kerr medium with a finite response time is studied theoretically. Two different frequency spectra are considered. In the first case the modes are equally spaced and in the second the frequency separations are all unequal. In either case, as the beams propagate, both spectra eventually reach a saturation characterized by a cascading of energy into the lowest frequency if the Kerr constant is positive. The direction of energy transfer is reversed if the Kerr constant is negative. Representative examples are given for a multimode, equally spaced, laser source and for an unequally spaced source. For the former case, we give the optimum medium response time for conversion of a Gaussian spectra. If the frequencies are unequally spaced we present general conditions which have to be satisfied and give two examples.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346672

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Switchgrass Biomass and Chemical Composition for Biofuel in Eastern Canada (1999)

Madakadze, I. C. ; Stewart, K. ; Peterson, P. R. ; [et al.]

Springer

Semigroup forum 91 (1999), S. 696-701

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ISSN: 1432-2137

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Mathematics

Notes: Panicum virgatum L.) is one of several warm-season grasses that have been identified as potential biomass crops in North America. A two-year field study was conducted, on a free-draining sandy clay loam (St. Bernard, Typic Hapludalf), to characterize the growth and evaluate changes in biomass accumulation and composition of switchgrass at Montreal, QC. Three cultivars, Cave-in-Rock, Pathfinder, and Sunburst, were grown in solid stands in a randomized complete block design. Canopy height, dry matter (DM) accumulation and chemical composition were monitored biweekly throughout the growing season. Average maximum canopy heights were 192.5 cm for Cave-in-Rock, 169.9 for Pathfinder, and 177.8 for Sunburst. The respective end-of-season DM yields were 12.2, 11.5, and 10.6 Mg ha-1. Biomass production among cultivars appeared to be related to time of maturation. Nitrogen concentration of DM decreased curvilinearly from 25 g kg-1 at the beginning of the season to 5 g kg-1 DM at season's end. Both acid-detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations increased to a maximum early in the season, after which no changes were detected. The average maximum values of ADF and NDF were, respectively, 647.6 and 849.0 g kg-1 DM for Cave-in-Rock, 669.1 and 865.2 for Pathfinder, and 661.8 and 860.9 for Sunburst. Changes in canopy height, DM accumulation, and chemical composition could all be described by predictive regression equations. These results indicate that switchgrass has potential as a biomass crop in a short-season environment.