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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 218 (1978), S. 287-292 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Carpal tunnel syndrome ; Nerve conduction velocity ; Evoked nerve action potential ; Retrograde nerve fiber degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Beim CTS kommt es im supraläsionellen Nervenabschnitt zu einer mit dem Schweregrad zunehmenden Herabsetzung der motorischen Nervenleitgeschwindigkeit. Außerdem ist das evozierte Nervenaktionspotential bei Ableitung vom N. medianus in der Ellenbeuge und Stimulation des gemischten Nerven am Handgelenk proximal der Läsion signifikant erniedrigt, was als Hinweis auf eine retrograde Degeneration von Nervenfasern aufgefaßt wird. In Übereinstimmung mit morphologischen Untersuchungen am Meerschweinchen (2) nimmt das Ausmaß der retrograden Veränderungen mit dem Schweregrad und der Dauer der Nervenkompression zu. Die Messung des evozierten Nervenaktionspotentials im proximalen Nervenabschnitt erlaubt eine Schätzung der verbliebenen funktions- und damit regenerationsfähigen Nervenfasern und dürfte von prognostischem Wert sein.
    Notes: Summary In the CTS the motor nerve conduction velocity proximal to the wrist is reduced in proportion to the degree of severity of the nerve lesion. Furthermore the evoked nerve action potential is significantly reduced when recordings are made from the median nerve at the elbow and when the compound nerve is stimulated proximal to the lesion at the wrist. The extent of the retrograde changes correlates with the degree of severity and duration of nerve compression. Measurement of the evoked nerve action potential in the proximal nerve segment enables us to estimate the extent of the retrograde nerve fiber degeneration and therefore might be important for prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 220 (1979), S. 95-98 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Somatosensory evoked potentials ; Trigeminal nerve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach der Stimulation des N. trigeminus am Mund lassen sich regelmäßig sensible evozierte Potentiale über dem kontralateralen somatosensorischen Cortex ableiten. Innerhalb der ersten 50 msec nach Reizbeginn treten typischerweise zwei negative und zwei positive Potentialschwankungen mit sehr variabler Amplitude auf. Aufgrund der an 55 Normalpersonen ermittelten mittleren Latenzzeiten kann der erste negative Gipfel als N 13, der erste positive Gipfel als P 19 und der zweite negative Gipfel als N 26 definiert werden. N 13 und P 19 zeigen eine Altersabhängigkeit mit leichter Latenzzunahme in der höheren Altersgruppe. P 19 ist wegen seiner konstanten Ausprägung für die klinische Diagnostik besonders geeignet.
    Notes: Summary Somatosensory evoked potentials following trigeminal nerve stimulation can regularly be recorded from the contralateral scalp on C5/C6 (10–20 system), a region which overlies the primary face region of the somatosensory cortex. From the first three peaks analyzed (N 13, P 19 and N26), the first positive peak (P 19) is most prominent and reliable and therefore is recommended for the routine measurements of neurophysiological examination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 225 (1981), S. 95-108 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Vitamin B 1 deficiency, Vitamin B 2 and V. B 6 ; Coenzyme activation of erythrocyte enzymes ; Alcohol abuse, chronic ; Wernicke's encephalopathy ; Polyneuropathy, alcoholic ; Cerebellar ataxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Patienten mit neurologischen Erkrankungen, die möglicherweise als Folge einer Malnutrition, einer intestinalen Malabsorption, einer Lebererkrankung oder eines paraneoplastischen Syndroms aufgetreten waren, wurden die Aktivitäten der Erythrocytenenzyme Transketolase, Glutathionreduktase und Glutamat-Oxalacetat-Transaminase vor und nach Aktivierung mit ihren entsprechenden Coenzym-Komponenten Thiamin, Riboflavin oder Pyridoxin gemessen. Ein Thiaminmangel kam in 31%, ein Riboflavinmangel in 22% und ein Pyridoxinmangel in 6% der Fälle vor. Besonders Alkoholkranke litten unter einem Vitamin-B 1- und -B 2-Mangel. Zwischen Vitamin-B 1- und Vitamin-B 2-Mangelzuständen und Kleinhirn-und/oder Hirnstammsymptomen fand sich eine enge Beziehung. Die häufigsten Zeichen waren in diesem Zusammenhang Gangataxie und oculomotorische Symptome wie Spontan- oder Blickrichtungsnystagmus, gestörte Blickfolge, verminderter optokinetischer Nystagmus, gestörte Fixationssuppression des vestibulären Nystagmus. Bei Alkoholkranken ohne einen Vitamin-B 1-, -B 2- oder -B 6-Mangel kamen diese Symptome selten vor. Bei ihrem Auftreten müssen B-Vitamine gegeben werden, um der Manifestation einer Wernicke-Encephalopathie, einer Hirn- oder Kleinhirnatrophie vorzubeugen. Eine Polyneuropathie kam in etwa gleicher Häufigkeit bei Alkoholikern mit und ohne Mangel an B-Vitaminen vor. Ein Mangel an Vitamin B 1, B 2 oder B 6 wurde auch bei Patienten mit intestinaler Malabsorption und Polyneuropathie, diabetischer Polyneuropathie, Opticusatrophie, Myelopathie und cerebellarer Ataxie unbekannter Ätiologie, paraneoplastischem Syndrom, B 12-Myelo-Encephalopathie und Thévenard-Syndrom gefunden.
    Notes: Summary The activities of the red blood cell enzymes transketolase, glutathione reductase, and glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase were measured with and without in vitro addition of their respective coenzyme components thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine in a group of patients with neurological disorders which may have been caused by malnutrition, intestinal malabsorption, hepatic failure or neoplasms arising outside the nervous system. The incidence of thiamine deficiency was 31%, of riboflavin deficiency 22% and of pyridoxine deficiency 6%. Alcoholics in particular suffered from deficiencies of vitamin B 1, and B 2. There was a correlation of vitamin B 1 and B 2 deficiency and signs of a cerebellar and/or brainstem lesion. The most frequent symptoms in this connection were gait disturbances and oculomotor signs like spontaneous and gaze nystagmus, disturbed eye tracking, diminished optokinetic nystagmus, decreased ability to suppress vestibular nystagmus by fixation. These signs hardly ever occured in alcoholic patients who showed no deficiency of vitamin B 1, B 2 or B 6. Whenever they do appear, a vitamin B supplementation has to be performed in order to prevent the manifestation of Wernicke's encephalopathy, cerebral or cerebellar atrophy. Alcoholics showed the same incidence of polyneuropathy, whether they suffered from a deficiency of B vitamins or not. Deficiencies of vitamin B 1, B 2 or B 6 were also found in patients with intestinal malabsorption and polyneuropathy, diabetic polyneuropathy, optic atrophy, myelopathy and cerebellar ataxia of unknown etiology, neurological manifestations of neoplasms arising outside the nervous system, B 12 myeloencephalopathy and Thévenard's syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Diphenylhydantoin ; Blut ; Speichel ; Proteinbindung ; Diphenylhydantoin ; Blood ; Saliva ; Protein binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Phenytoin was determined in plasma or serum, dialysate from plasma or serum and saliva in 45 children and 7 adults by gas chromatography. 200 µl of plasma were necessary for dialysis. Close correlations were found between phenytoin concentrations in the different media (r≧0.95). Since in some cases the levels in saliva were extremely high in comparison to plasma and dialysate, precautions are advisable when using phenytoin determinations in saliva for therapeutic decisions. Clinical data from 15 children with high phenytoin levels suggest that there is no advantage in determining the unbound fraction of the drug in plasma for the control of antiepileptic therapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 45 Kindern und 7 Erwachsenen wurde Phenytoin im Plasma oder Serum, Plasma-oder Serumdialysat und Speichel gaschromatographisch bestimmt. Zur Dialyse wurden 200 µl Plasma benötigt. Zwischen den in den verschiedenen Flüssigkeiten gefundenen Werten bestanden enge Korrelationen (r≧0,95). In einigen Fällen wurden im Speichel im Vergleich zu Plasma und Dialysat exterm hohe Konzentrationen gemessen. Bei Verwendung von Speichelanalysen für therapeutische Entscheidungen ist daher Vorsicht geboten. Bei 15 Kindern mit hohen Phenytoinspiegeln ergaben die Werte für das freie Medikament keine bessere Übereinstimmung mit dem klinischen Bild als die Gesamtkonzentration im Plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 15 (1979), S. 433-441 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cyclobarbital ; barbiturates ; pharmacokinetics ; drug interaction ; volunteers ; patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The disappearance of cyclobarbital from plasma has been followed in healthy volunteers and in neurological and psychiatric patients after oral administration of one tablet of Phanodorm®, containing cyclobarbital calcium 200 mg. Plasma levels were measured by a thin-layer chromatographic method with in situ densitometry. The average t1/2 in healthy female and male volunteers was 13.3 h, and with the assumption of complete availability a mean distribution coefficient of 0.69 l/kg−1 and a clearance of 40.4 ml/min−1 were calculated. Repeated experiments in seven volunteers revealed good reproducibility of all values. When the healthy volunteers were combined with a group of untreated epileptics, a dependence of t1/2 and of the apparent volume of distribution on age was found, while clearance did not change with increasing age (range 17–54 years). Long half-lives caused by low clearance values were observed in several individuals with moderate obesity. No consistent change in cyclobarbital kinetics followed acute exposure of volunteers to alcohol or on treatment of neurological patients with carbamazepine. Patients under treatment with perazine exhibited more or less normal kinetic values. In terms of drug interaction, cyclobarbital differs from phenazone in several respects, and so it may prove a useful additional substance for measurement of the rate of drug oxidation in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 281-285 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diphenylhydantoin ; phenazone ; epilepsy ; drug hydroxylation ; enzyme induction ; human pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two experiments were done on eight males who were to receive diphenylhydantoin (DPH) for epilepsy: the metabolic disposition of phenazone (antipyrine, 14 mg/kg p.o.) was examined before and after 2.5–6 months of treatment with DPH (300 mg/day). The average half-life of phenazone fell from 10.0 h in the first study to 6.1 h after DPH treatment; and the urinary excretion of unchanged phenazone decreased within 24 h from 28.5 mg (2.8% of the dose) to 18.1 mg (1.8% of the dose). Similar results were obtained when data were calculated on the basis of the output of creatinine. The amount of 4-OH-phenazone, the principal hydroxylated metabolite excreted in the urine in the 24 h after dosing, increased from 185 mg (18% of the dose) to 300 mg (29.5% of the dose) during treatment with DPH. In an additional epileptic patient, who suffered from Icterus juvenilis Meulengracht, the half-life of phenazone decreased from 20.7 h to 6.6 h after 22 days treatment with DPH (300 mg/day); the serum bilirubin concentration fell from 2.6 mg% to 1.0 mg% during the same period. The results are considered to show increased activity of hepatic microsomal drug hydroxylating systems, which can be attributed to treatment with DPH for several weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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