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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface laser damage thresholds determined by photoacoustic deflection (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 2005-2007 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The technique of intensity dependent photoacoustic probe beam deflection has been applied to the determination of surface damage thresholds. We take advantage of an unambiguous correlation between the degree of laser damage and the energy in the generated acoustic pulse. The high sensitivity of this method, cross checked by measuring scatter losses in reflection, is independent of any surface optical properties. As an example for optical materials, damage thresholds for MgF2 and CaF2 have been determined to be about 1.4 GW/cm2 , and for LiF to be about 0.2 GW/cm2 .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100491
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salivary anti-RSV IgA antibodies and respiratory infections during the first year of life in atopic and non-atopic infants (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 5 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Salivary SIgA antibodies against RS virus were studied in 105 children during the first year of life. The infants were divided into groups according to their risk of atopy. At birth 13 neonates showed measurable amounts of SIgA to RS virus. In another 26 children specific antibodies were detected but in concentrations too low for quantitative analysis. During the first year of life this increased to 29 antibody-positive samples with measurable amounts of antibody and 39 with concentrations too low for quantitative determination. At this time 8 children of the high risk group had developed symptoms of allergy. None of these children had measurable amounts of SIgA anti-RSV in their saliva. In comparison, 10 of the remaining 26 high risk infants without symptoms of allergy did have such antibodies. Atopic infants had significantly more respiratory infections during the first year of life than nonatopic infants. The avidity of SIgA anti-RSV in neonatal samples was significantly higher than avidity determined in breast milk SIgA but comparable to the avidity of serum IgG. During the first year of life a continuing decrease of salivary SIgA avidity was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1994.tb00218.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated neonatal salivary anti-casein immunoglobulin A antibodies as an indicator of atopic risk (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 2 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Elevation of salivary SIgA-anti-casein has been shown to occur in newborn infants at risk of allergy. The present study was designed to follow 158 infants over 3 years to relate the onset of clinical disease to SIgA levels at birth. Newborn infants were divided into 3 groups according to their risk of allergy: Group I, (n= 62; no allergy risk); Group II, (n -30; low allergy risk); Group III (n= 66; high risk group). The groups were matched for smoking, social background, sex, and dietary habits of the patients. SIgA-anti-casein was determined by a direct ELIS A. During the first year 59 infants developed atopic diseases (n= 37 of Groups I and II; n= 22 of Group III). After 3 years 37/61 infants of the high risk group had developed allergic symptoms. The frequency of atopic disease correlated with increased salivary antibody titers at birth (p 〈 0.05). 54% of infants with antibody titers 〉 250 EU/ml developed atopic symptoms at 1 year, 76% high risk infants with this titer developed atopic symptoms at 3 years of age. This study provides evidence that elevation of SIgA-anti-casein at birth not only reflects atopic risk as defined by cord blood IgE or family history, but correlates with the actual development of allergic disease during the first 3 years of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00204.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multishot ablation of polymer and metal films at 248 nm
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Surface Science 54 (1992), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0169-4332
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0169-4332(92)90048-3
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of thermal diffusion on laser ablation of metal films (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.60.Dv ; 79.20.Ds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Single-shot ablation thresholds of nickel and gold films in the thickness range from 50 nm to 7 μm have been measured for 14 ns laser pulses at 248 nm, using photoacoustic shock wave detection in air. The metal films were deposited on fused silica substrates. The ablation threshold was found to increase linearly with film thickness up to the thermal diffusion length of the film. Beyond this point it remains independent of film thickness. The proportionality between threshold fluence and thickness allows the prediction of ablation thresholds of metal films from the knowledge of their optical properties, evaporation enthalpies and thermal diffusivities. Physically it proves that ablation is driven by the energy density determined by the thermal diffusion length. A simple thermodynamic model describes the data well. Thermal diffusivities, an essential input for this model, were measured using the technique of transient thermal gratings. In addition, the substrate dependence of the ablation threshold was investigated for 150 nm Ni films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332169
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of defects in laser surface damage thresholds of fluoride crystals (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.85Fe ; 61.80Ba ; 42.20Ji
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The energy of the acoustic pulse generated by laser-surface interactions and measured by probe beam deflection was used to investigate laser surface damage thresholds of fluoride crystals with optical quality. It was found that damage thresholds decrease with increasing density of surface states. The defect density also controls the energy absorption mechanism: for surfaces with few defects, like polished MgF2 and CaF2, avalanche breakdown occurs at above 1 GW/cm2, whereas for materials with lower damage thresholds, such as LiF, BaF2, and roughened or incubated surfaces of CaF2, multiphoton absorption across the band gap is observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616299
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