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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in urine of depressed patients: Central and peripheral influences (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 63 (1985), S. 255-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A number of arguments support the hypothesis that changes in urinary levels of MHPG sulfate and MHPG glucuronide respectively reflect central and peripheral norepinephrine metabolism (NE) in man. In this line, the daily excretion of both conjugates was determined in 36 depressed women comparatively to 23 healthy women in order to assess the extent and the central or peripheral location of their possible NE dysfunction. About 80% of the patients suffering from depression (6 endogenous, 19 neurotic, 11 reactive depressions) exhibited a central NE defect, as evidenced by low MHPG sulfate, and many of them had probably also diminished sympathetic activity, as suggested by low MHPG glucuronide. Clinical symptoms possibly related to the psychic state (mood alteration) or associated to sympathetic changes (anxiety, motor activity) respectively altered sulfate or glucuronide excretion. Sulfate (S) and glucuronide (G) MHPG excretions were significantly correlated in healthy subjects (r = 0.53, p = 0.01), thus supporting the concept of the functional link between central NE activity and sympathetic function. Such a correlation was not found in depressive patients. However the lack of significant changes in the mean ratio S/G in the patient subgroups suggests that as in normal subjects, central and peripheral NE activity As a conclusion, our work shows that urinary MHPG provides in depressed patients an index of the psychobiological state, involving central and peripheral components. Any factor acting on either of both components is able to modify MHGP excretion. The separate assay of sulfate and glucuronide MHPG allows-with some limitations-to define the relative changes of central and peripheral activity. As a whole, our data indicate that in the examined population, 80% had probably a central NE hypoactivity, also associated in a large number to a sympathetic dysfunction. These observations may have valuable physiopathologic and/or therapeutic implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01252030
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inter-relationships between pituitary-adrenal hormones and catecholamines during a 6-day Nordic ski race (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 64 (1992), S. 258-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: ACTH ; Cortisol ; β-Endorphin ; Epinephrine ; Norepinephrine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the study was to investigate the inter-relationships between pituitary-adrenal hormones and catecholamines during a prolonged competition over 6 days. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol (C), β-endorphin (βEP), free and sulphated adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) were measured in 11 volunteer male subjects during a national Nordic-ski race (323 km). Blood samples were obtained before the competition in the evening as control (D0), and before and after each day's racing (D1–D6). The mean daily heart rate (f c) was calculated fromf c values recorded every minute during the race. The results showed the following: changes in meanf c [from 147 (SEM 3) to 156 (SEM 3) beats · min−1 according to the day] were not significant during the race. Diurnal variations in ACTH, βEP and C were no longer apparent after the race: evening levels were higher than their respective D0 values during the race, except on D3 when there was a lack of response to exercise in the three hormones. Unlike ACTH and βEP, pre- and postexercise C values on D1 and D2 were higher than those on the subsequent days (P〈0.001). In contrast, there was a progressive accumulation of A and NA in pre-and postrace concentrations which reached a plateau in about 4 days. Positive correlations between exercise responses in ACTH, C and βEP were found especially on D3 and D6 (P〈0.001) but there were no significant correlations between catecholamines and the other three hormones. Thus, prolonged competition over 6 days evoked different control mechanisms for hormones of the pituitary-adrenal axis and catecholamines. A sustained catecholamine release and sympathetic activation induced a progressive NA and A accumulation during the race. In contrast, the lack of a response to exercise in ACTH, βEP and C on D3 suggested a dissociated central command for pituitary axis hormones and sympathetic adrenal activation. On the following days, the response to a lack of exercise, in spite of ACTH stimulation, may have reflected an adaptation of adrenal glands to prolonged stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00626289
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemosensitivity, plasticity, and functional heterogeneity of paraganglionic cells in the rat coeliac-superior mesenteric complex (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 29 (1994), S. 112-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Prevertebral ganglia ; Catecholamines ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Dopamine β hydroxylase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Chemosensitivity and plasticity of paraganglionic cells in the rat coeliac-superior mesenteric complex (CSMC) were investigated at a basal state of normoxia (21% O2) and after long-term moderate hypoxia (10% O2, 14 days). Chemical sympathectomy previous to hypoxia was performed to destroy principal ganglionic neurons and thus to allow measurement of the norepinephrine and dopamine content of paraganglionic cells.At the basal state, the CSMC contained dopaminergic (TH+/DBH-) and noradrenergic (TH+/DBH+) paraganglionic cells, the majority being of the noradrenergic type. After 14 days of hypoxia, this ratio was reversed and dopaminergic cells predominated, as indicated by a twofold increase of TH+ cells and a twofold decrease of DBH+ cells. Biochemically, hypoxia produced an increase in the content (1.6-fold) and utilization (1.4-fold) of dopamine as well as a smaller increase in the content of norepinephrine, with no change in its utilization rate. The dopaminergic activation induced by hypoxia persisted after sympathectomy with guanethidine.It is concluded that paraganglionic cells in the CSMC display a chemosensitive function. Furthermore, our findings indicate that paraganglionic cells are differentially affected by hypoxia, depending on their distribution and the nature of their neuromodulators. The alterations induced by hypoxia point out the phenotypic plasticity developed by paraganglionic cells in adaptation to hypoxia and further demonstrate the functional heterogeneity of this autonomic cell population in the rat CSMC. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070290208
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