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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Native and Oxidized Neuropeptide Y in the Hippocampal Mossy Fiber System (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 70 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene expression is known to be modulated in the mossy fiber projection of hippocampal granule cells following seizure. We investigated NPY biosynthesis and metabolism in an attempt to characterize NPY biochemically as a neurotransmitter in the granule cell mossy fiber projection. NPY biosynthesis was compared in normal control animals and in animals that had experienced a single pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure. In situ hybridization analysis established the postseizure time course of preproNPY mRNA expression in the hippocampal formation, localizing the majority of increased preproNPY mRNA content to the hilus of the dentate gyrus. Radioimmunoassay analysis of the CA3/mossy fiber terminal subfield confirmed a subsequent increase in NPY peptide content. Biosynthesis of NPY peptide by granule cells and transport to the CA3/mossy fiber subfield was demonstrated by in vivo radiolabel infusion to the dentate gyrus/hilus followed by sequential HPLC purification of identified radiolabeled peptide from the CA3/mossy fiber terminal subfield. Additional in vivo radiolabeling studies revealed a postseizure increase in an unidentified NPY-like immunoreactive (NPY-LI) species. HPLC/radioimmunoassay analyses of CA3 subfield tissue extracts comparing normal control animals and pentylenetetrazole-treated animals confirmed the increased total NPY-LI, and demonstrated that the increased NPY-LI was comprised of a minor increase in native NPY and a major increase in the unknown NPY-LI. Data from subsequent and separate analyses incorporating immunoprecipitation with anti-C-terminal flanking peptide of NPY, further HPLC purification, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry support the conclusion that the unknown NPY-LI is methionine sulfoxide NPY. NPY and NPY-sulfoxide displayed differential calcium sensitivity for release from mossy fiber synaptosomes. Similar to NPY, NPY sulfoxide displayed high-affinity binding to each of the cloned Y1, Y2, Y4, and Y5 receptor subtypes. Postrelease inactivation of NPY was demonstrated in a mossy fiber synaptosomal preparation. Thus, the present study in combination with previously reported electrophysiological activity of NPY in the CA3 subfield demonstrates that NPY fulfills the classical criteria for a neurotransmitter in the hippocampal granule cell mossy fiber projection, and reveals the presence of two molecular forms of NPY that display differential mechanisms of release while maintaining similar receptor potencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70051950.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photon-migration measurement of latex size distribution in concentrated suspensions (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 655-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Frequency-domain measurements of photon migration were conducted in concentrated polystyrene suspensions to assess their use for on-line particle sizing in undiluted process streams. Using a numerical inverse algorithm, particle-size distributions (PSD) and volume fractions of three latex suspensions with differing distributions were recovered from phase-shift measurements at 15 or less visible wavelengths. Comparison to dynamic light-scattering measurements show excellent agreement. Since it is the propagation characteristics of multiply scattered light instead of the amount of light detected that is employed to solve the inverse problem, the measurement technique provides a self-calibrating (and therefore especially suitable) method for on-line process monitoring of PSD in the chemical-based industries.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430311
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rat hippocampal mossy fibers contain cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 243 (1995), S. 519-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Hippocampal formation ; Mossy fibers ; Electron microscopy ; Granule cells ; Dense-core Vesicles ; Neuropeptide ; Rat ; Cholecystokinin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The possibility that mossy fiber endings in the rat hippocampal formation may contain cholecystokinin (CCK) was reexamined.Methods: For this, CCK-immunoreactivity was examined by light and electron microscopy using the avidin-biotin complex method.Results: At the light level, the topographical distribution of perikarya and processes with CCK-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) was similar to that previously described by others. Ultrastructural analysis of the dentate gyrus and CA3 region of the hippocampus revealed that some mossy fiber terminals contained CCK-LI most often affiliated with large, dense-core vesicles (DCV). Quantitative analysis revealed that 4-8% of the mossy terminal profiles examined (n = 350) contained CCK-labeled DCVs, which corresponded to 0.03-0.2 labeled DCVs per 100 μm2 of neuropil.Conclusions: The presence of CCK-LI within mossy fibers in the rat suggests that there is less species variability in peptide expression in this pathway than formerly believed. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092430415
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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