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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal GDNF Expression in the Adult Rat Nervous System Identified By In Situ Hybridization (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 9 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor which has been purified on the basis of its ability to promote the survival of dopaminergic neurons in vitro. GDNF has subsequently been cloned and its sequence shown to be distantly related to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). To identify GDNF expressing cells in the adult rat brain, in situ hybridization using a digoxygenin (DIG)-labelled riboprobe has been performed. Our results show that GDNF mRNA is mainly expressed in neurons and that its synthesis is not restricted to dopaminergic areas. It is widely expressed in the cortex, the hippocampus, the striatum, the substantia nigra, the thalamus, the cerebellum and the spinal cord. Neuronal GDNF expression varies among brain regions as determined by the intensity of the in situ signal. Double labelling of the substantia nigra using tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry, associated with GDNF in situ hybridization, show that the majority of dopaminergic neurons express GDNF. The widespread expression of GDNF throughout the adult brain suggests that its administration in Parkinson's disease should be restricted to the altered structures, in order to avoid possible deleterious side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01623.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aspergillus endocarditis and myocarditis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 417 (1990), S. 255-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: AIDS ; Endocarditis ; Myocarditis ; Aspergillus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report the post-mortem findings of the case of a 31-year-old male who, through sexual contacts with a female drug addict, was found to be HIV-positive and developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 2 years later. He was treated for various opportunistic infections over the next 7 years when he presented with cardiac abnormalities and multiple cerebral lesions which were responsible for his death. The results revealedAspergillus fumigatus endocarditis and myocarditis with mycotic thromboembolic extension to the brain, spleen, kidney and pancreas. We review the literature ofAspergillus infection in patients with AIDS and more specifically cardiac involvement with this pathogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600142
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional effects of phosphoramidon and captopril on exogenous neuropeptides in human nasal mucosa (1995)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 83-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Human nasal mucosa ; Sensory neuropeptides ; Endopeptidase inhibition ; Phosphoramidon ; Captopril
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The functional effects of the intranasal application of exogenous vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were evaluated in 12 healthy volunteers before and after neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibition with phosphoramidon (PA) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition with captopril. The three neuropeptides increased nasal airway resistance (NAR) measured by anterior rhinomanometry and superficial capillary blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). After pretreatment of the nasal mucosa with PA, the effects of VIP, SP and CGRP on the LDF signal, NAR and mucus production were potentiated, whereas local pretreatment with captopril did not modify these functional effects. These observations suggest that NEP, but not ACE, may participate in the catabolism of neuropeptides when applied directly to the human nasal mucosa. Furthermore, since these neuropeptides induced nasal obstruction, increased blood flow and rhinorrhea, a decreased activity of the enzymes involved in their degradation could be involved in the physiopathology of rhinitis symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00168025
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutral endopeptidase activity and concentration of sensory neuropeptide in the human nasal mucosa (1995)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 465-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Human nasal mucosa biopsy samples were studied by biochemical and histological methods to determine whether the concentration of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) as a marker of sensory nerves was dependent on the activity of neutral endopeptidase-like enzyme (NEP-LE). Mucosal samples from the middle turbinate were obtained from 32 patients undergoing functional endoscopic nasal surgery for non-allergic chronic rhinosinusitis. The degree of symptoms related to nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and headaches was recorded. The number of inflammatory cells in each biopsy sample was evaluated by conventional histopathological examination. CGRP-LI was measured by radioimmunoassay. The activity of NEP-LE was evaluated in vitro using [3H] Leu5-enkephalin as substrate. A good correlation was observed between increased concentrations of CGRP, abundant inflammatory cells and the intensity of symptoms (R2 = 0.80). A low activity of NEP-LE was associated with a high concentration of both inflammatory cells and CGRP, suggesting that NEP-LE activity was reduced during inflammation. These observations further support the hypothesis that reduced degradation of sensory neuropeptides could be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of non-specific chronic rhinosinusitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02114752
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