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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rare earth element composition of atmospheric particulates (1974)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 8 (1974), S. 585-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es60091a005
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fission track annealing in garnet (1972)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 34 (1972), S. 343-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Annealing experiments showed that fission tracks in garnet are very stable. All tracks will be annealed in 1 hour at 685° C or in 106 years at 500° C. Garnet is more refractory for tracks than sphene but is less so than zircon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373764
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geochemistry of the Rare Earth elements in spilites from the oceanic and continental crust (1974)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 44 (1974), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Analytical data including major elements, the Rare Earths, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr are presented for twenty-three spilites from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the Hercynian part of the Variscan geosyncline in Germany, and several localities in Switzerland. Low grade metamorphism (up to approximately 400° C) and spilitization of basaltic rocks apparently do not alter the original Rare Earth element (REE) distributions. This fact permits comparison of the spilites and unaltered tholeiitic basalts from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The relative REE distributions thus appear suitable for delineating the original basalt types of spilites formed by metamorphism. The spilites from the Hercynian part of the Variscan geosyncline have a REE distribution pattern which is characteristic of continental tholeiites. It is thus probable that during the formation of this geosyncline the principal magma extruded was of tholeiitic composition and that these rocks were later converted to spilites by metamorphism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373128
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rare earth element distributions in a proto-stratiform ultramafic intrusion (1971)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 33 (1971), S. 245-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Rare earth element (REE) abundances are reported for ten whole rock and eight mineral samples from the Preacher Creek ultramafic intrusion of southeastern Wyoming. Chondrite-normalized distribution patterns for the whole rocks exhibit a broad maximum between Sm and Gd and reflect the REE pattern of clinopyroxene, the major REE-bearing phase. Alteration of the primary mineral assemblages to actinolite and chlorite, which is generally minor, does not appear to have significantly affected the REE distributions. Absolute abundances of the REE in the rocks and constituent minerals increase as a function of differentiation, and relative abundances suggest an accompanying light REE enrichment. Trapped-liquid phases, which may be relatively enriched in REE, possibly account for some or all of the observed REE trends. The REE data, interpreted in terms of crystal-melt fractionation, suggest derivation of the intrusion by crystallization from a gabbroic magma having a REE distribution pattern similar to the parent magma of the Skaergaard stratiform complex. The results of this study are in accord with and complement a previous proposal that the Preacher Creek body formed in a manner analogous to major stratiform intrusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00374068
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orgin of a precambrian ultramafic intrusion in southeastern Wyoming, U.S.A. (1972)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 36 (1972), S. 249-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Preacher Creek ultramafic body is a small, lenticular-shaped intrusion of peridotite exposed in an ancient (2400–2500 m.y.), regionally metamorphosed terrane in southeastern Wyoming, U.S.A. The central core of the body consists of clinopyroxene-olivine peridotite and is surrounded by a marginal rim of peridotite in which orthopyroxene and plagioclase also occur as primary minerals. Alteration of primary minerals is relatively minor. However, at the contact with the country rock progressive alteration of the peridotite to actinolite and chlorite is locally severe. Chemical study of the effect of this alteration indicates that no more than minor changes from the primary composition of the peridotite have occurred. Petrographic studies reveal accumulative textures characteristic of stratiform complexes. Cryptic layering in the body is indicated by partial chemical analyses of the two major primary minerals, olivine and clinopyroxene. The body is inferred to have formed within the earth's crust by fractional crystallization and gravity accumulation of mafic minerals from a gabbroic magma that was differentiating along a tholeiitic trend. Subsequent to (or during) crystallization the body was remobilized, folded, and emplaced in its present site as a tectonic intrusion. Ultramafic intrusions with chemical, mineralogical, and structural features similar to the Preacher Creek body may be best explained perhaps as crystalline accumulates formed in volcanic magma chambers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00444335
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of rare earth element distribution patterns in rocks and minerals by neutron-activation analysis (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 263 (1973), S. 97-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Seltenen Erden in Gesteinen und Mineralien ; Aktivierungsanalyse, Neutronen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A routine procedure for determining eleven of the fourteen naturally occurring rare earth elements (REE) in rocks and minerals is described. Following thermal neutron activation the samples are decomposed, in the presence of REE carriers, by fusion with Na2O2. The REE are separated as a group using a gel removal technique for silica and a conventional hydroxide-fluoride cycle. The REE concentrates are then counted with a high resolution Ge(Li) spectrometer system. Chemical yields are determined by reirradiation and counting of the carrier. The high precision and accuracy of the technique have been proven through replicate analyses and through analyses of the U.S. Geological Survey standard rock, W-1. The technique, with slight modifications, has been tested to date on more than a hundred rock and mineral samples. Experience has shown that the eleven REE determined by this technique more than adequately describe the total distribution patterns for the REE in naturally occurring samples.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein Routineverfahren für die Bestimmung von 11 Elementen der Seltenen Erden in natürlich vorkommenden Mineralien und Gesteinen wird beschrieben. Die Proben werden mit thermischen Neutronen bestrahlt und anschließend die Substanzen nach Zusatz von Trägerelementen (Seltene Erden) mit, Na2O2 aufgeschlossen. Die Seltenen Erden werden dann als Gruppe mittels eines Hydroxid-Fluorid-Trennverfahrens isoliert. Silicium wird als Gel abgetrennt. Die Messung der Aktivitäten in den Lanthanidenkonzentraten erfolgt mit einer Ge(Li) Gamma-Spektrometer-Meßanordnung hoher Auflösung. Die bei der chemischen Abtrennung der Seltenen Erden erzielte Ausbeute wird anschließend durch Bestrahlung der Anreicherungsprodukte und Messung der Aktivitäten der Trägerelemente bestimmt. Die Reproduzierbarkeit und Genauigkeit der Methode wurde durch die mehrfache Analysierung bestimmter Proben und von Standardgesteinen (z.B. W-1) geprüft. Mit leichten Änderungen wurde das Verfahren an über 100 Gesteins- und Mineralproben erprobt. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß mit den 11 durch Neutronenaktivierung quantitativ bestimmten Seltenen Erden die Verteilung dieser Elementgruppe in natürlich vorkommenden Mineralien und Gesteinen hinreichend gut beschrieben werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424350
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