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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An object design framework for structural engineering (1995)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 11 (1995), S. 213-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Keywords: Communication channel ; Communication path ; Data attribute ; Design object ; Method group ; Object-oriented ; Receiving interface ; Relationship ; Relationship attribute ; Sending method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Object-oriented principles have introduced several useful concepts for developing complex software systems. As a result, several methodologies have been suggested for the overall design of software systems based on these concepts. Methodologies and frameworks for designing objects that are to be part of the software systems are currently lacking. This paper proposes anobject design framework andmethodology, which utilizes the object-oriented concepts, for planning, organizing and designing structural engineering design objects. Design objects in an integrated structural engineering system are complex and often related to each other in various different ways. The paper also identifies several important relationships among structural engineering design objects. These relationships serve as communication channels through wich design objects send messages to and receive responses from each other. Several examples, drawn from reinforced concrete structures, will be presented to demonstrate the object design methodology and to illustrate how the framework is effective in reducing the complexity of design objects in an integrated structural engineering system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01208815
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hierarchical data management for structural analysis (1985)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 1 (1985), S. 45-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The use of formal data bases management systems is becoming increasingly necessary in computer programs for structural engineering. This paper briefly reviews data base requirements and the organization of integrated computer program networks and identifies a need for hierarchical data base management in computer programs for structural analysis. The nature of the data hierarchy is illustrated with reference to a building that has been analyzed by using substructure techniques. The organization and features of the hiearchical data base manager STRATA are then described. STRATA has been developed specifically for use in structural analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200338
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Data base design for computer-integrated structural engineering (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 4 (1988), S. 135-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The most likely architecture for an integrated engineering software system is a series of application programs operating off a shared central data base. The data base is the most critical part of the system. This article proposes a design for such a data base. The steps involved in data base, design are first reviewed, and several requirements for an effective structural engineering data base system are identified. A data base design based on a “component-connection” abstraction model and the object-oriented data model is then presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01199295
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automated modeling for structural analysis (1988)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 4 (1988), S. 173-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The numerical computations required for structural analysis are well defined and easy to automate. If structural analysis is to be automated fully, however, the modeling process, as well as the numerical computations, must be automated. This paper outlines a procedure for the automation of the entire modeling and analysis sequence. Structural analysis is considered as one of several planning, design, and analysis applications to be included in a computerintegrated design system. An essential ingredient of such a system is a central data base that supports all applications. A data base using a hierarchicalcomponent-connection concept is first described. A procedure is then outlined by which a modeler program can extract analysis models from this data base. Whereas the central data base describes the structure in terms of its components and connections, the analysis model is in terms of nodes, elements, substructures, slaving constraints, and so on. The features required in a structural analysis program to analyze the resulting model are also described. This program follows well-established principles, but is substantially different in its arhitecture from conventional analysis programs. A simple frame building is used as an example. However, the procedure is believed to be applicable to structures of a variety of types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213979
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geometric modeling requirements for structural design (1990)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 6 (1990), S. 93-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Geometric modeling is a central issue in developing a data base to support integrated engineering design. Current approaches to modeling the geometry of structural assemblies have many drawbacks when applied to design. In this paper capabilities of current geometric modeling methods are reviewed and then compared with modeling needs of structural design. The comparison examines the modeling capabilities of engineering drawings, which are the primary means of geometric representation in current practice. It is found that engineering drawings use a concise description of geometry that can be modified much more easily than computer-based descriptions. Engineering drawings also decompose a geometric description in a manner analogous to normalization in data base theory. This decomposition allows for a “top-down” definition of geometry, which is much better suited to design than current computer methods, which use a “bottom-up” approach. An important goal for future research is to develop computer-based geometric modeling techniques that capture these capabilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200241
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A design process model for computer integrated structural engineering (1990)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 6 (1990), S. 129-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Computer integrated design systems will require an improved understanding of the engineering design process, including formalized notions of (1) the structure of the process, (2) the design tasks that need to be performed, and (3) the information required to carry out these tasks. To help formalize the design process, certain conceptual tools are needed, including an organizational model for the process. This paper outlines such a model for structural engineering design, termed theMultilevel Selection-Development model, which is based on a decomposition of design problems intoselection anddevelopment subproblems. A few basic concepts involved in the engineering design process are reviewed, and the proposed model is outlined. The application of the model to a simple example is presented, and management of the interactions between subproblems is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200311
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Version management needs for structural engineering design (1991)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 7 (1991), S. 131-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract As design objects are created during the design process, it is not sufficient to represent only a single current state of each object. Instead, it will usually be necessary to represent a number of past and current states, existing parallel to each other at various design stages. This requirement has led to the development of various schemes to help manage and control multiple occurrences of a design object. In this paper “versions” of structural engineering design objects are defined and a scheme for organizing these versions is proposed. A design for a version manager in an object-based design system is then presented. The manager has limited capabilities but can be used as a step toward defining a more complete version management and control system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01206403
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A design process model for computer integrated structural engineering: Design phases and tasks (1991)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 7 (1991), S. 145-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Computer integrated design systems will require an improved understanding of the engineering design process, including formalized notions of (1) the structure of the process, (2) the design tasks that need to be performed, and (3) the information required to carry out these tasks. An organizational model for the structural engineering design process, termed themultilevel selection-development (MSD) model, has been outlined in a recent paper. The current paper continues development of the MSD model by providing more detailed descriptions of the specific design tasks that must be carried out. The MSD model is briefly reviewed, and a simple example is presented. The design tasks are then classified and described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01206404
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of zero-energy modes in 9-node plane element (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 863-869 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: For plane stress/plane strain analysis, the 9-node quadrilateral element performs better than the corresponding 8-node element, especially for non-rectangular shapes. For improved element flexibility and lower computer cost, 2 × 2 quadrature is generally preferable to 3 × 3 quadrature. Unfortunately the 9-node element contains spurious zero-energy modes when under-integrated. A method is proposed to restrain these modes without significant loss of accuracy or added cost.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230508
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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