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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical strategic change in the global professional network: the "Big Five" 1999-2001 (2005)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Journal of organizational change management 18 (2005), S. 451-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0953-4814
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purpose - This paper seeks to explore and explain the dramatic organizational changes that took place over a relatively short time period in the five largest global professional networks, or GPNs - a group of organizations that were originally global accounting firms and traditionally accustomed to relatively gradual change. Design/methodology/approach - Begins by describing the background of divestiture and diversification in GPNs. The data were collected from the firms' web sites, interviews with GPN managers, e-mail requests for information via Big Five web sites, and from reports in the newspapers and business press over the two-year period to June 2001. Uses neo-institutional theory to study the context, precipitating dynamics, and enabling dynamics of large-scale organizational change, including the part played by governmental and regulatory forces. Findings - Explains the extent to which changes have occurred in a sample of countries in which these organizations operate, noting that the firm effects seem to be stronger than the country effects in the consulting area, while country effects are more pronounced in the law area. Originality/value - This paper is an original study of mainly secondary data - including those collected from firms' internet sites - analyzing change in an institutionalized environment. It is one of the first studies to make use of the GPN concept. Researchers and practitioners interested in professional service firms in general will find a unique combination of data, analyses, and conclusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09534810510614940
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Xylanase treatment of plant cells induces glycosylation and fatty acylation of phytosterols (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 91 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Treatment of tobacco suspension cells (Nicotiana tabacum cv. KY 14) with a purified β-1,4-endoxylanase from Trichoderma viride [1 μg enzyme (ml cells)−1] caused a 13-fold increase in the levels of acylated sterol glycosides and elicited the synthesis of phytoalexins. A commercial preparation of xylanase from Trichoderma viride caused an identical shift in sterols. In contrast, a commerical xylanase from Aureobasidium pullaulans had no effect on the levels of acylated sterol glycosides, but did elevate the levels of sterol esters. Treatment of the cells with Cu2+ or Ag+ also evoked a severalfold increase in the levels of acylated sterol glycosides. Analysis of the various sterol lipid classes revealed that the large xylanase-induced increase in acylated sterol glycosides occurred at the expense of sterol esters, free sterols and sterol glycosides. Further analyses revealed that the most abundant phytosterol in each of the four classes of sterol lipids was β-sitosterol. Linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in the sterol esters, and palmitic and linoleic acids were the most abundant fatty acids in the acylated sterol glycosides. Glucose was the only sugar moiety in the sterol glycoside and acvlated sterol glycosides. Glucose was the only sugar moiety in the sterol glycoside and acylated sterol glycoside fractions. The results of the present study demonstrate that xylanase from Trichoderma viride induces a dramatic shift in the level of acylated sterol glycosides, indicating that endoxylanase was probably the active component in the cellulase enzyme preparations used in our previous study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb02990.x
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  • 3
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    Developments in the Regulation of Lawyers: Competing Segments and Market, Client, and Government Controls (1985)
    Chapel Hill, N.C. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Social Forces. 64:2 (1985:Dec.) 281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0037-7732
    Topics: Sociology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:1203-1985-064-02-000002
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  • 4
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    "Steven Seidman": Liberalism and the Origins of European Social Theory (Book Review) (1985)
    Chapel Hill, N.C. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Social Forces. 64:2 (1985:Dec.) 513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0037-7732
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: BOOK REVIEWS
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:1203-1985-064-02-000017
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    News & Notes: The Effect of Ethanol and Oxygen on the Growth of Zymomonas mobilis and the Levels of Hopanoids and Other Membrane Lipids (1997)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 35 (1997), S. 124 -128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Zymomonas mobilis (ATCC 29191) was grown either aerobically or anaerobically in the presence of 2% (wt/vol) glucose and 0, 3, or 6% (vol/vol) ethanol. The rates of growth and the composition of hopanoids, cellular fatty acids, and other lipids in the bacterial membranes were quantitatively analyzed. The bacterium grew in the presence of 3% and 6% ethanol and was more ethanol tolerant when grown anaerobically. In the absence of ethanol, hopanoids comprised about 30% (by mass) of the total cellular lipids. Addition of ethanol to the media caused complex changes in the levels of hopanoids and other lipids. However, there was not a significant increase in any of the hopanoid lipid classes as ethanol concentration was increased. As previously reported, vaccenic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in the lipids of Z. mobilis, and its high constitutive levels were unaffected by the variations in ethanol and oxygen concentrations. A cyclopropane fatty acid accounted for 2.6–6.4 wt % of the total fatty acids in all treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900224
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a chimeric aequorin molecule expressed in myeloma cells (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 346-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have constructed a chimeric aequorin consisting of a fragment of the anti-NP immunoglobulin gene fused to the aequorin gene. Expression in a myeloma cell line has produced a Fab′-like molecule that has the ability to bind NIP specifically and generate bioluminescent activity. It takes approximately 8 h at 4 °C in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and coelenterazine to regenerate luminescent activity. While the flash kinetics of this recombinant molecule are similar to native aequorin, its quantum efficiency is ten times lower. Preliminary studies have been conducted to ascertain its usefulness for immunoassays. We have shown for this chimeric aequorin 7 × 10-19 moles can be detected in solution, also it can be used in a solid-phase assay and is stably stored at -70°C for at least 2 months.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170040147
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