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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gravity-Independent Orientation of Honeycomb Cells (2000)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 87 (2000), S. 33-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract  Honey bees have long been assumed to build their comb with the cells in either of two preferred orientations with respect to gravity ("vertical" or "horizontal"). I show here that these typical cell orientations in fact derive from substrate orientation and a simple building rule, rather than the influence of gravity itself. When bees were induced to build comb on substrates at four different orientations with respect to gravity, they always made cells with one vertex pointing directly toward the substrate. This produced horizontal and vertical cells on vertical and horizontal substrates, respectively, but yielded intermediate orientations on oblique substrates. The apparent preference for vertical and horizontal cells may simply reflect substrate orientation in the rectilinear hives from which cell measurements have been taken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001140050005
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  • 2
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    Field Artillery (Book Review) (1884)
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The RUSI journal. 27 (1884) 871 
    Details
    ISSN: 0307-1847
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: REVIEWS
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:p225-1884-027-00-000053
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  • 3
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    The Constitution and Duties of the Artillery of the Advanced Guard of an Army in the Field, (the RA Institution Prize Essay of 1874) (1875)
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The RUSI journal. 18 (1875) 489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0307-1847
    Topics: Political Science
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:p225-1875-018-00-000028
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Division of labor inPonera pennsylvannica (Formicidae: Ponerinae) (1994)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 41 (1994), S. 43-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Ant ; caste ; polyethism ; division of labor ; Ponerinae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We examined division of labor and colony demography in the antPonera pennsylvannica. Observation of three colonies with individually marked workers revealed a high degree of interindividual behavioral variation and a rough but consistent division of labor between brood tenders and foragers. This division was present both in colonies consisting entirely of workers produced in the previous summer and in colonies containing freshly eclosed ants. Two colonies showed typical age-based polyethism, with young ants focusing on brood care and overwintered ants on foraging. No such age basis was detected in the third colony. This difference may relate to variability in brood production schedules. Colonies showing temporal polyethism had two peaks of brood production and thus had relatively large brood populations when the first young workers eclosed, while the third colony had only one peak and little brood for the young workers to tend. Even if young ants have a lower threshold for brood care, it may have been concealed in the latter situation. Demographic data indicate that natural colonies produce one brood per year and that workers typically eclose into colonies with relatively low brood care demands. This suggests that overwintered workers do most of a colony's work and that the division of labor among overwintered ants is the more important one under natural conditions. The basis of this division is as yet unknown. These results also suggest that small colony size, univoltine brood schedule and a close association between foraging and brood care do not preclude division of labor among specialized castes, as has been suggested for another ponerine species (Traniello 1978).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240572
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecology and behavior ofGnamptogenys horni (Formicidae: Ponerinae) (1994)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 41 (1994), S. 255-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: ants ; Gnamptogenys ; behavior ; polyethism ; recruitment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In order to examine social behavior in the little-studied ponerine ant genusGnamptogenys, detailed observations were made on captive colonies ofG. horni. Compilation of a behavioral repertory gave evidence of age-based division of labor, with old ants more likely to forage and young ants more likely to tend brood. Workers were observed to line the walls of their nests with pieces of old cocoons, a behavior referred to as wallpapering and previously known from only one other ant species. Evidence was obtained for the use of trail recruitment pheromones in foraging and in nest-moving. Examination of prey remains in natural nests indicated thatG. horni feeds principally on a wide variety of ants, but also on other arthropods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242296
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