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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of Alkaline Degradation of the Food Pigments Curcumin and Curcuminoids (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 62 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Alkaline degradation of the pigments curcumin (CC), demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bis-demethoxycurcumin (BDMC) in aqueous solutions of purified and commercial oleoresin sources was investigated. Alkaline degradation of the compounds corresponded to pseudo-first-order kinetics. Responses were similar for pigments combined or alone in solutions. Profiles of rate constants were closely associated to polynominal curves. Degradation rate constants rapidly increased from pH 7.45 to a maximum at about 10.2 and then tended to decline at higher pH. Rates of alkaline degradation were lower for BDMC than for CC and DMC. Halflives of CC, DMC and BDMC at pH 7.45 were 900, 1700 and 2200 hr, respectively. In contrast, half-lives of CC, DMC and BDMC at pH 10.2 were 0.4, 1.0 and 5.0 hr, respectively. Use of BDMC instead of CC in alkaline foods would be expected to improve color stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb03982.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DECOMPOSITION OF TURMERIC CURCUMINOIDS AS AFFECTED BY LIGHT, SOLVENT AND OXYGEN (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food biochemistry 20 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4514
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Turmeric curcuminoids are important natural pigments but their instability limits their use in many foods. This study was conducted to examine light-induced degradation of turmeric curcumin as affected by solvent system and oxygen. The rate constants and half-lives were determined for purified curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin exposed to 1450 lux using reversed-phase HPLC. Rates of degradation of each pigment followed first-order kinetics. Differences in rate constants and half-lives between the individual pigments were minor in an acetic acid-NaCl solution; however, in methanol, large differences in stability to light of the individual pigment were observed. Stability of all the pigments to light was several fold greater in methanol than in acid brine. In methanol sparged with air, stability to photooxidation was curcumin 〉 demethoxycurcumin 〉 bis-demethoxycurcumin. In methanol, curcumin was more stable than the other curcuminoids when sparged with air than when sparged with nitrogen. In methanol sparged with nitrogen, demethoxycurcumin was the most stable pigment. All of the pigments were stable in the dark.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.1996.tb00577.x
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  • 3
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    Cervantes y el poder de la narración (1993)
    Madrid : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Anales cervantinos. 31 (1993) 247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0569-9878
    Topics: Romance Studies
    Notes: NOTAS
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:j413-1993-031-00-000015
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of cyclophosphamide in paediatric patients (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 30 (1992), S. 207-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of cyclophosphamide were studied in nine paediatric patients. Plasma samples were obtained from eight subjects and urine was collected from six children during a 24-h period after drug administration. Cyclophosphamide and its major metabolites phosphoramide mustard (PM), carboxyphosphamide (CX), dechloroethylcyclophosphamide (DCCP) and 4-ketocyclophosphamide (KETO) were determined in plasma and urine using high-performance thin-layer chromatography-photographic densitometry (HPTLC-PD). Cyclophosphamide (CP) was nearly, if not completely, cleared from plasma by 24 h after its administration. The plasma half-life of CP ranged from 2.15 to 8.15 h; it decreased following higher doses and was shorter than that previously reported for adult patients. Both the apparent volume of distribution (0.49±1.4 l/kg) and the total body clearance (2.14±1.4 l m−2 h−1) increased with increasing dose. Renal clearance ranged between 0.12 and 0.58 l/h (mean, 0.43±0.19l/h). Between 5.4% and 86.1% of the total delivered dose was recovered as unchanged drug in the urine. The major metabolites identified in plasma and urine were PM and CX. One patient appeared to be deficient in CX formation. This study suggests that there is interpatient variability in the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of CP in paediatric patients. The shorter half-life and higher clearance as compared with adult values indicate faster CP metabolism in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686313
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrasubject variation in children of ifosfamide pharmacokinetics and metabolism during repeated administration (1996)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 38 (1996), S. 147-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Ifosfamide ; Pharmacokinetics ; Metabolism ; Variability ; Pediatrics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The aim of this study was to investigate intrasubject variability in ifosfamide (IFO) pharmacokinetics and metabolism which may influence clinical effect, since the pharmacology of this drug is dependent on metabolism. A group of 11 patients (ages 1–16 years) were studied on at least two occasions. IFO, 9 gm-2, was administered as a continuous infusion over 72 h. Plasma and urine samples were collected and concentrations of IFO and its metabolites were determined. Comparisons were made between courses in the same subject, allowing for differences in age and prior IFO treatment. There was a wide variation in drug (twofold) and metabolite (up to tenfold) AUCs between courses in the same patient. Although some patients did show an increase in clearance between courses (up to threefold), there was no significant consistent change in overall pharmacokinetics among the different courses studied in the same patient. There was a significant decrease (up to 63%) in the AUC of the inactive metabolite 3-dechloroethylifosfamide (3-DCI) in later courses compared with the first course studied (P=0.032, paired t-test). This was matched by an increase in the AUC of the total dechloroethylated metabolites with course (P=0.015, paired t-test). None of the other metabolites measured showed any consistent change in plasma or urine levels between courses. Overall, the AUC of parent drug correlated with age (r 2=0.86, P=0.011), and postinfusion half-life correlated with plasma bilirubin (r 2=0.89, P=0.007). This study demonstrated large and seemingly unpredictable intrasubject variability in IFO pharmacokinetics and metabolism during repeated administrations. Investigations relating the clinical effects of IFO to pharmacokinetics and metabolism must take this variation into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002800050463
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of treatment with high dose melphalan, cisplatin or carboplatin on levels of glutathione in plasma, erythrocytes, mononuclear cells and urine (1996)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 37 (1996), S. 479-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Glutathione ; Cytotoxic chemotherapy ; Cisplatin ; Carboplatin ; Melphalan ; Nephrotoxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Glutathione (GSH) has been implicated as an important factor in the detoxification of many electrophilic xenobiotics, including agents used in cytotoxic chemotherapy. Maintenance of high levels of GSH in normal tissues is believed to be important in the prevention of drug-induced toxicity. Previous studies have indicated that exposure of cells to some toxic electrophiles both in vitro and in vivo can cause a temporary decrease in intracellular levels of GSH. In this paper we report that in a series of 22 children and young adults treated with high dose melphalan (ten courses studied, all 200 mg/m2), cisplatin (eight courses, 80–104 mg/m2) or carboplatin (seven courses, 507–750 mg/m2) there was no significant alteration in the level of plasma, erythrocyte or urine GSH in the period immediately following drug administration. Fluctuations in the level of GSH in mononuclear cells were observed in some patients but did not follow any consistent pattern and were similar to those observed in a series of nine normal adult controls over the same time course. These results suggest that for melphalan, cisplatin and carboplatin, drug-GSH adduct formation is insufficient to cause a measurable decrease in intracellular GSH levels in normal peripheral haematopoietic cells during the course of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002800050415
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