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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of infectious pancreatic necrosis in a carrier population of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss(Richardson), by flow cytometry (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A non-lethal study of the disease status of adult rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), suspected of being carriers of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) was carried out using purified leucocytes from pooled blood samples. Leucocytes were stained by indirect immunofluorcscence to detect IPN viral antigen and analysed by flow cytometry. Leucocytes from an IPN free source were also used as controls. Three populations of leucocytes were analysed: (1) leucocytes examined immediately following purification from blood, which gave positive results with 30–58% of fluorescent cells: (2) purified leucocytes cultured for 7 days in medium at 15 °C. which gave a higher number of fluorescent cells, suggesting multiplication of IPNV; and (3) leucocytes co-cultured on CHSE-214 cell monolayers for 7 days at 15 °C, which amplified the number of infected leucocytes to more than 90% but delayed the result 7 days. Isolation and serological identification of the pathogen was carried out on CHSE-214 cells, which confirmed the positive results obtained by flow cytometry analysis. Further experiments are in progress to complete the applications of flow cytometry to salmonid virus studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1991.tb00609.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drawbacks for indirect exporters and monopoly power
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Development Economics 32 (1990), S. 389-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-3878
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-3878(90)90044-C
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Obtainment of a carbon-13-, nitrogen-15-labelled burnt soil (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 29 (1999), S. 434-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Carbon-13 ; nitrogen-15 tracers ; Soil labelling ; Soil organic matter ; Soil reclamation ; Wildfires
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The restoration of the C and N cycles in the soil-plant system is a basic step for the reclamation of burnt soils. To evaluate accurately the efficacy of restoration techniques, it is necessary to use isotopic tracers and, therefore, a 13C-, 15N-labelled burnt soil should be made available. The present paper describes a technique for obtaining a 13C-, 15N-labelled burnt soil by burning a labelled forest soil in the laboratory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050577
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic nitrogen mineralization in temperate humid-zone soils after two and six weeks of aerobic incubation (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 237-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Mineralization capacity ; Nitrogen ; Soil incubation ; Time of incubation ; Temperate humid-zone soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The N mineralization rate in 11 soils was studied by aerobic incubation at 28°C and at a moisture content of 75% of field capacity for 2 weeks (short term) and 6 weeks (medium term). Relationships between the N mineralization indices for each period were evaluated. Ammonification largely predominated during the first 2 weeks of incubation, whereas nitrification was the predominant process between weeks 2 and 6. The net N mineralized in the different soils varied from 0 to 2.85% of the organic N after 2 weeks of incubation and from 0.32 to 3.36% of the organic N after 6 weeks of incubation, the mean values for each period being 0.82 and 1.51% of the organic N, respectively. The quantities of NH inf4 sup+ -N, NO inf3 sup- -N, and total inorganic N produced and the percentage of organic N mineralized after 2 weeks of incubation were highly and positively correlated with the coresponding values after 6 weeks of incubation. These results showed that either length of incubation could be used to determine the potential N mineralization capacity of the soils. Information obtained from two incubation periods was largely supplementary for the kinetic study of N mineralization, ammonification, and nitrification; therefore a medium-term incubation with intermediate measurements of N mineralization over a short term may be more useful than a single measurement using either of the two incubation periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336083
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lowest effective and optimum poultry manure dose for reclaiming burnt soils: pot experiments (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 32 (2000), S. 494-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Keywords Heated soils ; Nitrogen-15 ; Poultry manure ; Soil reclamation ; Wildfire
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Poultry manure (PM) efficacy to improve burnt soil revegetation was evaluated to determine the lowest effective and the optimum dose for burnt soil reclamation. A 15N-labelled forest soil (LS) was used to set up six treatments: LS, laboratory burnt LS (BLS) and BLS with PM dose equivalent to 1 (BLS+PM1), 2 (BLS+PM2), 4 (BLS+PM4) and 8 Mg dry PM ha–1 (BLS+PM8). Ryegrass was sown in all treatments and grown for 3 months in a greenhouse. At harvesting, in the BLS treatment: (1) ryegrass yield was very low and the shoot:root ratio was high; (2) ryegrass-N content was closer to that of metabolic tissues or young plants than to structural tissues or mature plants; (3) most of the available endogenous N still remained in the soil inorganic N pool. These results suggested that, although seed germinated normally, ryegrass growth was stopped at an early developmental stage, producing small and weak plants unable to protect the burnt soil against erosion and to exploit the post-fire pulse of available N which, consequently, could be lost. The addition of PM to BLS increased the ryegrass yield from the lowest dose (BLS≈LS〈BLS+PM1〈 BLS+PM2〈BLS+PM4〈BLS+PM8;P〈0.05), the increase of the phytomass yield per Mg of added PM varying as follows: PM8〈PM1≤PM4〈PM2. The uptake of soil-available N by the ryegrass was greatly enhanced in all manured treatments, but the contribution of PM-N to plant nutrition was only significant in BLS+PM4 and BLS+PM8 treatments. The lowest effective PM dose was PM1 and the optimum cost-to-benefit ratio treatments were PM2 and PM4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740000283
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of soil characteristics on N mineralization capacity in 112 native and agricultural soils from the northwest of Spain (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 252-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Potentially mineralizable N ; Parent material ; Soil management ; Soil characteristics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract N mineralization capacity and its main controlling factors were studied in a large variety (n=112) of native (forest, bush) and agricultural (pasture, cultivated) soils from several climatic zones in Spain. The available inorganic N content, net N mineralization, and net N mineralization rate were determined after 6 weeks of aerobic incubation. NH inf4 sup+ −N largely predominated over NO inf3 sup- -N (ratio near 10:1) except in some agricultural soils. Net N mineralization predominated (83% of soils) over net N immobilization, which was more frequent in agricultural soils (25%) than in native soils (9%). In forest soils, both net N mineralization and the net N mineralization rate were significantly higher than in the other soil groups. The net N mineralization rate of pasture and cultivated soils was similar to that of bush soils, but available inorganic N was lower. The net N mineralization rate decreased in the order: soils over acid rocks〉soils over sediments〉soils over basic rocks or limestone; moreover, the highest net N mineralization and available inorganic N were found in soils over acid rocks. The highest N mineralization was found in soils with low C and N contents, particularly in the native soils, in which N mineralization increased as the C:N ratio increased. N mineralization was higher in soils with a low pH and base saturation than in soils with high pH and base saturation values, which sometimes favoured N immobilization. Soils with an Al gel content of 〉1% showed lower net N mineralization rates than soils with Al gel contents of 〈1%, although net N mineralization and available inorganic N did not differ between these groups. The net N mineralization rate in silty soils was significantly lower than in sandy and clayey soils, although soil texture only explained a low proportion of the differences in N mineralization between soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00382521
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of three organic wastes for reclaiming burnt soils: Improvement in the recovery of vegetation cover and soil fertility in pot experiments (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 26 (1997), S. 122-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Heated soils ; Nitrogen-15 ; Organic wastes ; Phytotoxic compounds ; Soil reclamation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The efficacy of three abundant organic wastes: poultry manure (PM), cattle slurry (CS) and sewage sludge (SS) for the reclamation of burnt soils was evaluated. A forest soil, previously furnace-heated in order to simulate exposure to a high-intensity wildfire, was labelled with nitrogen-15 (15N) to evaluate the contribution of N derived from the organic waste to the burnt soil and vegetation. Four treatments were performed with the heated 15N-labelled soil: an unamended control soil (S) and three waste amended soils (S+PM, S+CS and S+SS) at a dose waste of 167mg total N kg–1 soil. Lolium perenne was grown in all the pots for 3 months. In each treatment the phytomass produced and its N content decreased significantly in the following order of treatments: S+PM S+CS 〉 S+SS S. The percentage of plant N derived from the waste was similar in the S+PM (22.8%) and S+CS (24.0%) treatments, but significantly lower in the S+SS treatment (16.5%). At the end of the 3 month experimental period, the available N reserves (phytomass N+soil inorganic N) in the control soil accounted for 51.5–71.5% of those in the S+PM, S+CS and S+SS treatments, whereas the yield of the plants was only 13.4–29.8% of that in the manured soils. These results demonstrated the importance of the addition of organic wastes, particularly PM, for the recovery of the vegetation cover and for the stabilization of the soil ash layer. They also showed that the level of N was not the main controlling factor of plant growth in the control soil, which, moreover, did not show evidence of a shortage of macronutrients, i.e. phosphorus, potassium, calcium or magnesium. It is hypothesized that, as occurs in heat-sterilized soils, phytomass production in the control-heated soil could have been inhibited by the heat-induced production of phytotoxic compounds, their negative effects being microbially or chemically suppressed by the addition of organic wastes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050354
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of soil characteristics on N mineralization capacity in 112 native and agricultural soils from the northwest of Spain (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 252-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Potentially mineralizable N ; Parent material ; Soil management ; Soil characteristics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract N mineralization capacity and its main controlling factors were studied in a large variety (n=112) of native (forest, bush) and agricultural (pasture, cultivated) soils from several climatic zones in Spain. The available inorganic N content, net N mineralization, and net N mineralization rate were determined after 6 weeks of aerobic incubation. NH4 +-N largely predominated over NO3 –-N (ratio near 10:1) except in some agricultural soils. Net N mineralization predominated (83% of soils) over net N immobilization, which was more frequent in agricultural soils (25%) than in native soils (9%). In forest soils, both net N mineralization and the net N mineralization rate were significantly higher than in the other soil groups. The net N mineralization rate of pasture and cultivated soils was similar to that of bush soils, but available inorganic N was lower. The net N mineralization rate decreased in the order: soils over acid rocks〉soils over sediments〉soils over basic rocks or limestone; moreover, the highest net N mineralization and available inorganic N were found in soils over acid rocks. The highest N mineralization was found in soils with low C and N contents, particularly in the native soils, in which N mineralization increased as the C:N ratio increased. N mineralization was higher in soils with a low pH and base saturation than in soils with high pH and base saturation values, which sometimes favoured N immobilization. Soils with an Al gel content of 〉1% showed lower net N mineralization rates than soils with Al gel contents of 〈1%, although net N mineralization and available inorganic N did not differ between these groups. The net N mineralization rate in silty soils was significantly lower than in sandy and clayey soils, although soil texture only explained a low proportion of the differences in N mineralization between soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00382521
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical Properties of an Artificial Extracellular Matrix Based on a Crosslinked Elastin-Like Polymer (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An elastin-like polymer (ELP) was designed by genetic engineering techniques to mimicthe extracellular matrix (ECM). The precise control of the polymer sequence offered manyadvantages that allowed the definition of distinct and specific domains. The cell attachment domainpresent in the sequence enhances the cell adhesion. Hexamethylene diisocyanate, a lysine-targetedcrosslinker, was used to crosslink the purified polymer. The produced matrices presented anadequate mechanical performance and the morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopyshow a homogeneous porous structure, ranging from nanometers to few micrometres. The biologicaltests will be assessed in future work. These results show the big potential of the ELPs in biomedicalapplications, especially in the development of systems for tissue engineering and drug release
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.47.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcitonin, Etidronate, and Calcidiol Treatment in Bone Loss after Cardiac Transplantation (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 155 -159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Dual X-ray absorptiometry — Cardiac transplantation — Bone markers — Vitamin D — Bone loss.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Cardiac transplantation is associated with severe bone loss caused by glucocorticoids, immunosuppressive treatment, and other factors. Treatment protocols for the prevention of bone loss is being studied. Forty patients who underwent cardiac transplantation were randomly given calcitonin (n= 13; 100 UI/d, nasal route), etidronate (n= 14; cyclical treatment 400 mg p.o./d/2 weeks/3 months), or calcidiol (n= 13; 32,000 IU/weekly) therapy for at least 18 months. Serum parameters (Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, intact PTH), urinary calcium, and vertebral mineral density (VMD; L2–L4, DXA Hologic QDR 1000) were measured immediately before treatment and after 6, 12, and 18 months of therapy after cardiac transplantation. Patients with cardiac transplantation had a VMD significantly lower than age and sex-matched Spanish controls. Prevalence of osteoporosis (Z-score below −2 SD) was 30%. Osteocalcin levels increased at 6, 12, and 18 months of treatment in the three groups. After 18 months of treatment, VMD increased significantly in the calcidiol 4.9%, vs. −1.19% and −0.19% in the calcitonin and etidronate groups, respectively. A lower incidence of fracture was found in patients treated with calcidiol during the study. In summary, we have found in this open randomized study that calcidiol was the most effective drug in the prevention and treatment of bone loss in patients after cardiac transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900206
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