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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 8 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have compared the in vitro and in vivo toxicities of 19 hair dyes. In vitro, the toxic effect was estimated in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79), using a cell growth inhibition test. For each compound, the concentration required to reduce 50% of the growth (CI50) was determined. In vivo, compounds were administered by i.p. route to groups of 10 Swiss mice per dose. The LD50 values obtained were used to estimate the acute toxicity. The comparison of the results in vivo and in vitro showed that there is a good correlation between both ranking orders (correlation coefficient r= 0.90 with a first kind error P= 10-4). These results suggest that the use of cell culture tests is valuable as pre-screening systems to appreciate the toxicity level of hair dyes, in order to reduce the use of animals in safety evaluation.RésuméLe pouvoir cytotoxique de 19 colorants capillaires (quatre dérivés de la paraphénylène diamine, six dérivés de la 2-nitro paraphénylènediamine, trois dérivés de la mètaphénylènediamine et six dérivés phénoliques) est comparéà leur potentiel toxique in vivo. In vitro, l'effet cytotoxique est mesuré sur des fibroblastes pulmonaires de hamster Chinois (V79) par un test d'inhibition de la croissance cellulaire. Les cellules, en monocouche, sont traitées pendant trois jours en présence de la substance à tester. La concentration réduisant la quantité de protéines cellulaires de 50% (CI50) est estimée. In vivo, la substance est injectée par voie intrapéritonèale à des groupes de 10 souris Swiss par dose. La dose létale 50 (LD50) est le paramètre retenu pour l'estimation de la toxicité aigue.La comparaison des résultats obtenus in vitro (CI50) et in vivo (LD50) montre une bonne corrélation (r= 0.90, P= 0.0001).Ces résultats suggèrent que les cultures de cellules permettent de prédire le potentiel toxique des colorants capillaires tout en réduisant le nombre d'animaux utilisés.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 13 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in cellular protection during ageing. The hair plucking technique is a non-invasive method for the direct biochemical study of keratinocytes. Hair was taken from the suboccipital area of 63 volunteers (men and women whose ages ranged from 13 to 103 years). The results show a diminution in the glutathione content as a function of age. We compare two groups of population: group A (less than 80) and group B (more than 80). A remarkable fact is observed: group B displays a weak dispersion of the values as compared to A. The glutathione content (nmol 10−3 mg DNA) is 5.42 ± 0.60 for A and 1.86 ± 0.35 for B. A reduction of 88% was observed in glutathione reductase activity and of 78% in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase from group A to group B. The glutathione peroxidase activity remains relatively constant. The decrease in the GSH concentration and the constancy of the glutathione peroxidase suggest that the capacity of the cell to protect itself from peroxides remains unchanged but that the GSH concentration may become the limiting factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 11 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have compared the in vitro cellular toxicity and the in vivo ocular irritation potency of 16 surfactants (7 non ionics, 3 anionics, 2 amphoterics, 4 cationics) ranking from very weakly irritant to strongly irritant. In vitro, the cellular toxicity was estimated on Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79) using a cell mortality test and a cell growth inhibition test. For each surfactant, a lethal concentration 50% without foetal calf serum (LC.50–0) and with 10% foetal calf serum (LC50–I0), as well as the concentration required to reduce 50% of the growth (CI.50) were determined. In vivo, each surfactant was applied directly to the cornea of six albino rabbits. The maximal ocular irritation score (I0 max) and the ocular irritation score obtained seven days later (I0 J7) were collected. Comparison of in vitro results with those obtained in vivo showed good correlations, particularly when I0 max and the difference (LC.50–10 - LC50–0) were considered (r= 0.845, P〈0.001). These results suggest that the use of cell culture tests as pre-screening systems to appreciate eye irritation potency of surfactants could be a reliable alternative method in order to reduce the use of the Draize rabbit eye test. They can provide a better knowledge of the irritative process induced by surfactants (cellular toxicity and protein interaction potency).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of dermatology 16 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-4632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 2 (1975), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Patients with Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) frequently exhibit small, white hypopigmented spots on the parts of the body not exposed to the sun. These hypopigmented spots, 1–5 mm in diameter, appear early in the life. Punch biopsies were performed for electron microscopic studies and DOPA reaction. Melanocytes were either absent or occasionally found along the basal layer of the hypopigmented area; Langerhans cells were numerous; DOPA positive cells were rare or absent. Thus a vitiligo-like syndrome is realized. In clinically normal skin, Langerhans cells were observed within the basal layer. These findings may help explain the clinical appearance of the white macules and the fact that the absence of pigment protection on sun exposed areas exposes the skin widely to UV radiation. It seems logical to propose that apart from the genetic enzymatic defect of XP, there is a genetic melanocytic abnormality leading to conditions which increase the general sensitivity to UV radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 21 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Langerhans cells (LC) are considered to play an important role in the initiation of the immune response in the skin. This study was performed to analyse the kinetics of LC in normal human epidermis. Using flow cytometry (FCM), we have applied three methods to estimate LC DNA distribution: FCM DNA measurement in LC-enriched suspensions (70-90% purity). FCM-correlated analysis of DNA and OKT6-positive cells in original epidermal cell suspensions, and staining of LC-enriched suspensions by the Feulgen technique on microscopic slides and counter labelling of contaminating keratinocytes with anti-keratin antiserum to eliminate them from the LC DNA estimation. All three methods clearly showed that human LC are a cycling cell population, and it was suggested that LC may represent a stable, self-reproducing cell population in normal epidermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 111 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 111 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 110 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fourteen explants of primary skin melanomas and six explants of lymph node metastases were used to establish melanocyte cell lines, and in all twenty experiments the melanocytes became overgrown by fibroblasts. By contrast, eight melanocyte cell lines without fibroblast contamination were established by mechanical cell separation followed by either direct planting in microwells (five out of thirteen primary tumours and three out of four lymph node metastases) or plating of cells from colonies grown in soft agar (three out of five cases). It was also observed that cell crowding and partial (as opposed to total) replacement of the culture medium during the early steps of culture favoured the growth of tumour cells. This observation suggests that melanoma cells are subjected to an autocrine type of growth regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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