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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RFLP analysis allows for the identification of alfalfa ecotypes (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 119 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Three seed lots, obtained from different ‘foundation farms’, for each of the alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., ecotypes ‘Vogherese’ and ‘Maremmana’, together with the variety ‘Iside’ as a control, were studied to test the possibility of distinguishing them through restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Twenty plants per seed lot were analysed with 25 DNA probes that yielded 155 informative polymorphic fragments. Variance partitioning showed that within-population variability accounted for nearly 98% of the total variance, while a small but significant contribution to the total variance was due to among-lot variability.‘Vogherese’ was more homogeneous than ‘Maremmana’, as a consequence of the greater environmental homogeneity of the adaptation area of the former ecotype compared with the latter. Bulk analysis yielded eight variety-specific bands, 12 bands present in both ecotypes and absent in the variety and one band specific of ‘Maremmana’. Results are discussed in relation to the practical use of molecular markers for alfalfa ecotype identification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2000.00478.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation of Medicago sativa L. Using a Ti Plasmid Derived Vector (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 106 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A cultivar of Medicago sativa was transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain At81 binary-vector carrying the plasmid pKan3A, with the neomycin phosphotransferase gene under the control of the mannopine biosynthesis promoter. Stem segments were infected with the bacterium and kanamycin resistant calli were obtained; plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and polyembryogenesis was achieved only in media devoid of the antibiotic. Genetic transformation was confirmed by the presence of the structural gene through DNA-DNA hybridization and the enzymatic assay showed its functional expression. Mesophyll protoplasts, leaf calli and S1 progeny of transformed plants grew in the presence of kanamycin (100 μgml-1). Results are discussed in relation to the use of kanamycin-resistant plants in somatic hybridization in the genus Medicago.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00477.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extent of RFLP variability in tetraploid populations of alfalfa, Medicago sativa (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 115 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Seven widely-cultivated alfalfa varieties and three ecotypes adapted to Central Italy were used to evaluate the extent of polymorphism in that species. Twenty plants per accession were analysed with 16 RFLP probes combined with three restriction enzymes (48 probe/enzyme combination in total) and the data were used to compute the Nei's similarity index taken as a measure of inter- and intra-population RFLP variability. The varieties were, in general, more homogeneous than the ecotypes and the cultivars ‘Adriana’ and ‘Florida’ could be differentiated more easily than the others. Few accession-specific hybridizing fragments were scored and seven populations could be distinguished from the others on the basis of significant differences in the frequencies of specific fragments. The DNA of plant populations of several sizes was bulked and the ability to detect a given fragment in pooled samples was related to the fraction of plants having that fragment among the plants forming the bulk. The results are discussed with special emphasis on the practical utilization of RFLPs for varietal identification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00883.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protoplast Fusion in the Genus Medicago and Isoenzyme Analysis of Parental and Somatic Hybrid Cell Lines (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 106 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Leaf mesophyll protoplasts of Medicago arborea (2n = 32) were electrofused with cell suspension and/or callus protoplasts of Medicago sativa. Heterokaryons were identified in agarose beds by their dual fluorescein isothiocianate—chlorophyll fluorescence and their coordinates were recorded. Hybrid minicalli were manually picked up and grown first in nurse culture and then in callus induction medium. Hybrid nature of the selected calli was confirmed by isoenzyme analyses. In order to verify whether morphogenesis of somatic hybrid calli was affected by cell incompatibility, mesophyll and cell suspension protoplasts, derived from the same plant of M. sativa with high embryogenic capacity, were fused. Only callus tissues derived from mesophyll protoplasts retained the highly embryogenic character of the M. sativa genotype, while hybrid cell lines were non-morphogenic and showed isoenzyme patterns similar to tissues derived from cell suspension protoplasts. The achievement of somatic hybrid plants in the genus Medicago is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00490.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant regeneration from callus protoplasts of Onobrychis viciifolia scop. (sainfoin)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Plant Science 63 (1989), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-9452
    Keywords: Onobrychis viciifolia ; bloat safe forage ; plant regeneration ; protoplasts
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-9452(89)90104-0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lotus tenuisWald.& Kit.: In vitro conditions for plant regeneration from protoplasts and callus of various explants
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Plant Science 55 (1988), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-9452
    Keywords: Lotus tenuis ; forage legumes ; plant regeneration ; protoplasts ; tissue culture
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-9452(88)90044-1
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in vigour and in RFLP-estimated heterozygosity by selfing tetraploid alfalfa: new perspectives for the use of selfing in alfalfa breeding (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 120-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Alfalfa ; Inbreeding depression ; Heterozygosity ; Plant vigour ; Molecular markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The effect of selfing on vigour and heterozygosity was analysed in six independent families obtained by recurrent cycles of self-fertilization and selection until the S3 generation. The heterozygosity level, estimated by means of 11 homologous probes, decreased from the S0 to S3 generations and was partially restored in S2×S2 polycrosses. The decreasing trend was influenced by the inbreeding level of the chosen mother plant in each self generation to advance in subsequent selfing. Plant vigour estimated by Dry Matter Yield (DMY) decreased during inbreeding, and phenotypic selection of S2 individuals seemed to prove effective as the differences in DMY between vigorous and weak plants were maintained in S2×S2 crosses. No correlation between plant vigour and heterozygosity was found between subgroups of vigorous and weak plants selected within the same S2 family. Results are discussed with a view to selecting the best performing and least heterozygous plants during inbreeding to isolate useful genes and linkats in superior partially inbred parental lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051459
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic hybrid plants between the forage legumes Medicago sativa L. and Medicago arborea L. (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 183-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key wordsM. sativa ; M. arborea ; Protoplast electro-fusion ; Somatic hybrids ; Genome rearrangements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Interspecific somatic hybrid plants were obtained by symmetrical electrofusion of mesophyll protoplasts of Medicago sativa with callus protoplasts of Medicago arborea. Somatic hybrid calli were picked manually from semi-solid culture medium after they were identified by their dual color in fluorescent light. Twelve putative hybrid calli were selected and one of them regenerated plants. The morphogenesis of the somatic hybrid calli was induced by the synthetic growth regulator 1,2 benzisoxazole-3-acetic acid. Somatic hybrid plants showed intensive genome rearrangements, as evidenced by isozyme and RFLP analysis. The morphology of somatic hybrid plants was in general intermediate between the parents. The production of hybrids by protoplast fusion between sexually incompatible Medicago species is related to the in vitro responsiveness of the parental protoplasts. The possibility of using somatic hybrid plants in alfalfa breeding is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050264
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular, cytological and morpho-agronomical characterization of hexaploid somatic hybrids in Medicago (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 347-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Medicago ; Somatic hybrids ; RFLP analysis ; Meiotic analysis ; Field evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Somatic hybrid plants produced by protoplast fusion between tetraploid Medicago sativa (2n= 4x=32) and the diploid species Medicago coerulea (2n= 2x=16) have been RFLP fingerprinted to establish their nuclear composition. Although all of the chromosomes were present, molecular analysis revealed an incomplete incorporation of the alleles of the diploid parent in the fusion products. In the polycross progeny the alleles of both parents segregated in a Mendelian mode. Cytological observations indicated that in the somatic hybrid population minor abnormalities are present; these are restricted mainly to the formation of univalents and lagging chromosomes. Meiosis appeared to be more stable than has been previously reported in the hexaploids of alfalfa. The somatic hybrids grown in the field had a rather vigorous aspect, particularly with respect to the vegetative organs. Forage yield was comparable to that of thmore productive parent. The results are discussed with a view to utilizing the somatic hybrids as starting material for breeding alfalfa at the hexaploid level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221976
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fate of ribosomal genes in three interspecific somatic hybrids of Medicago sativa: three different outcomes including the rapid amplification of new spacer-length variants (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 801-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Alfalfa rDNA ; Fluorescent in situ hybridization ; rDNA IGS variation ; Somaclonal variation ; Unequal recombination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have characterized the genetic consequences of somatic hybridization within the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of three interspecific hybrids, each involving M. sativa as one of the parents. Restriction-fragment-length-polymorphisms (RFLPs) of rDNA spacers and fluorescent-in-situ-hybridization (FISH) of an 18S-gene probe to mitotic chromosomes were used to compare parental and hybrid species. The M. sativa-coerulea hybrid retained all six parental nucleolar-organizing regions (NORs) and all parental RFLPs representing a complete integration of rDNA. The M. sativa-arborea hybrid retained five of six parental NORs while losing half of the arborea-specific RFLPs, indicating that simple chromosome loss of one arborea NOR accounted for the RFLP losses. Dramatic alterations occurred within the M. sativa-falcata hybrid where five of six parental NORs were retained and new rDNA RFLPs were created and amplified differentially among somaclonal-variant plants. The molecular basis of the new RFLPs involved increased numbers of a 340-bp subrepeating element within the rDNA intergenic spacer (IGS), suggesting that recurrent cycles of unequal recombination occurred at high frequency within the rDNA in somatic lineages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224079
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