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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Public Health 13 (1992), S. 1-30 
    ISSN: 0163-7525
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 437 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 9 (1993), S. 566-569 
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Hepatitis C virus ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Substance abuse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To identify incidence of antibody to hepatitis C virus among 265 male prison inmates, we assayed paired serum specimens obtained at intake in 1985–1986 with follow-up specimens in 1987. Intake prevalence was 38 percent. Seroincidence was 1.1/100 person years in prison. This finding might reflect saturation of high-risk subgroups or possibly reduced frequency of exposures following incarceration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 22 (1994), S. 411-414 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) und das Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) sind weltweit die Haupterreger der Non-A, Non-B-Hepatitis: In der Türkei sind ein Drittel der Fälle von akuter Hepatitis Non-A, Non-B. Eine Seroprävalenzstudie für HCV wurde durchgeführt, um die Epidemiologie des HCV, einschließlich der Assoziation von HCV und HEV in der Türkei zu ermitteln. Seren von Einwohnern von fünf verschiedenen Regionen des Landes wurden auf Antikörper gegen HCV (anti-HCV) und HEV (anti-HEV) getestet. Bei 21 von 1.374 Personen (1,5%) wurde anti-HCV nachgewiesen. Der Test war häufiger positiv bei Einwohnern über 54 Jahre (p=0,02), bei Personen, die unter dem Hauptschul-Bildungsstand waren (p=0,013), bei Familien mit mehr als zwei Kindern (p=0,003) und bei Personen, die in der Region von Ayvalik (p=0,046) oder Trabzon (p=0,038) wohnen — verglichen mit Einwohnern von Istanbul. Zwischen anti-HCV und anti-HEV bestand eine marginale Assoziation, die bei 5,9% der Einwohner aufgedeckt wurde. Die HCV-Infektion tritt in allen Regionen der Türkei auf und ist häufiger bei älteren Personen und bei niedrigem sozio-ökonomischen Status. Für die Einschränkung der HCV-Übertragung in der Türkei sollten — falls Mittel verfügbar sind — Schritte wie das anti-HCV Screening von Blutspenden durchgeführt werden.
    Notes: Summary Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are the principal causes of non-A, non-B hepatitis worldwide, and in Turkey one-third of the cases of acute hepatitis are non-A, non-B. To explore the epidemiology of HCV in Turkey (including the association of HCV with HEV), a seroprevalence study of HCV was conducted. Sera from residents from five distinct regions of the country were tested for antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) and HEV (anti-HEV). Anti-HCV was detected in 21 (1.5%) of 1,374 persons and was more common in residents over 54 years of age (p=0.02), with less than primary education (p=0.013), more than two children (p=0.003), and who lived in the regions of Ayvalik (p=0.046) or Trabzon (p=0.038) compared to Istanbul. Anti-HCV was marginally associated with anti-HEV, which was found in 5.9% of residents. However, this association was lost after controlling for age and education (p=0.225). HCV infection occurs in all regions of Turkey and is more common in persons who are older and of low socioeconomic status. As resources permit, efforts to reduce the transmission of HCV in Turkey (such as screening blood donations for anti-HCV) are indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) ; cellular immunity (CMI) ; interleukin-1 ; interleukin-2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were obtained from five patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), six homosexual males with lymphadenopathy, and five normal heterosexual controls. Modulation of virus-specific immunity was assayedin vitro by measuring the lymphocyte blastogenic response and the production of lymphokine (leukocyte inhibition factor; LIF) by PBL stimulated with herpes simplex virus (HSV) or cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens in the presence or absence of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). PBL from the control and lymphadenopathy subjects responded to both antigens in the lymphocyte transformation assay (LT) measured on day 7, and the responses were significantly enhanced in cultures grown in the presence of antigen and IL-2 (1 U/ml). PBL from the AIDS patients were unresponsive, but responsiveness was restored by the addition of IL-2. The addition of IL-1 (0.02 µg/ml) to antigen-stimulated PBL cultures failed to enhance the proliferative responses in all three study groups. LIF production was assayed in the supernatants from day 1 PBL cultures. LIF was not produced by PBL from AIDS patients grown in the presence of viral antigens, whereas three of five patients from the lymphadenopathy group, and three of five control subjects gave rise to positive responses. The addition of IL-1 to the antigenstimulated cultures enhanced LIF production in the control and lymphadenopathy groups but not in the AIDS patients. The addition of IL-2 did not modulate LIF production by antigen-stimulated PBL from the control oR AIDS patients while suppressing the LIF response of the similarly stimulated PBL from the lymphadenopathy patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 32 (1987), S. 1297-1310 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: Crohn's disease ; abnormal immune response ; suppressor T cells ; antigen-specific helper ; chlamydia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract One theory of the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease is that rather than being caused by a unique environmental agent, it is the result of an abnormal immune response in the gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies indicate that Crohn's disease in its early stages is frequently associated with the presence of circulating antigen-non-specific suppressor T cells. Such T cells are also found in experimental inflammation caused byChlamydia organisms in the gastrointestinal tract of nonhuman primates. Taken together, these data suggest that the suppressor T cells are markers of an underlying and persistent, antigen-specific immune response to an as yet unidentified antigen or set of antigens. We postulate that this underlying antigen-specific response is the result of a primary immunoregulatory abnormality involving an imbalance between the effects of antigen-specific helper and suppressor T cells which recognize a common antigen or antigens present in the mucosal environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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