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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magneto-Optical Anisotropy in Semimagnetic Materials: The Interplay of Strain and Magnetic Field (1995)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 182-184 (Feb. 1995), p. 763-766 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/01/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.182-184.763.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comment on the paper “The importance of the circuit capacity in the administration of CPAP” (1985)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 11 (1985), S. 164-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00258547
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospective evaluation of thracic-duct drainage in the treatment of respiratory failure complicating severe acute pancreatitis (1989)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 15 (1989), S. 372-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Severe acute pancreatitis ; Thoracic duct ; Adult respiratory distress syndrome ; Respiratory failure ; Trypsin ; Myeloperoxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thoracic duct drainage (TDD) may be of value for removing toxic substances released by the inflamed pancreas and which are responsible for lung damage. We have prospectively assessed the efficacy of TDD in improving pulmonary gas exchange in 12 patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated by persistent respiratory failure despite standard conservative treatment including peritoneal dialysis in 8 patients. In group A were 6 patients (mean Ranson score=7.3) with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and in group B were 6 hypoxemic patients (mean Ranson score=6.6) judged to be at risk of developing ARDS. The duration of TDD ranged from 3 to 10 days and the total amount of drained lymph (L) varied from 770 to 15 600 ml. Immunoreactive trypsin levels were significantly higher in L when compared to blood in both groups. Leukocyte myeloperoxidases in L (normal value 〈 than 332±82 ng/ml in plasma) were increased in 5 of 5 group A patients (830±317 ng/ml) and in 3 of 6 patients in group B (671±467 ng/ml). After TDD pulmonary gas exchange as measured by median PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) improved from 148±60 to 285±42 in group A and from 192±37 to 330±42 in group B (p〈0.05). All patients were weaned after ventilation for a mean of 8 days in group A and 4 days in group B. All patients survived apart from 1 group B patient who died of sepsis on day 34. These data suggest that TDD, by allowing removal of potential mediators of lung injury is of major therapeutic value in ARDS complicating SAP. This approach may also prevent further respiratory impairment in susceptible patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261496
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of oxygen uptake and delivery in critically ill patients: A statistical reappraisal (1994)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 20 (1994), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Cardiac output ; Indirect calorimetry ; Oxygen delivery ; Oxygen uptake ; Thermodilution technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective The evaluation of oxygen consumption (VO2) and oxygen delivery (DO2) has gained increasing importance in the monitoring of critically ill patients. They can be obtained from either direct measurements or by indirect calculations based on the Fick principle. However the choice between these two approaches remains controversial. The aim of the study was to investigate whether these 2 methods provide similar results, and if not, to define the best one in terms of reproducibility. Design Oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption were prospectively analyzed in 171 consecutive critically ill patients. Metabolic data were obtained simultaneously. Setting The study was completed in the intensive care unit as part of the management of the patients studied. Patients A first “group” of 279 evaluations was carried out in 73 consecutive critically ill patients. The results were subsequently validated by 423 observations performed in the 98 following patients. Interventions Before and during each evaluation, the patients were kept in stable hemodynamic and metabolic conditions. All were mechanically ventilated. Measurements and results VO2 was evaluated by calculation (Fick principle) and direct measurement using indirect calorimetry. Cardiac output was both measured by the thermodilution technique and calculated (Fick principle) and the data were used for the evaluation of the directly measured and indirectly calculated DO2. For both VO2 and DO2 the agreement between direct and indirect evaluations was not satisfactory. Differences as great as 55 ml/min·m2 and 267 ml/min·m2 between simultaneously measured and calculated VO2 and DO2 respectively may be expected. Finally, the indirect calculated methods were less reproducible than the measured ones. These observations resulted mainly from the cumulative effects of the random errors in the metabolic data entering into the calculation of VO2 and DO2. Conclusions Our data suggested that the indirect calculation (Fick equation) and the direct measurement (indirect calorimetry, thermodilution) of both VO2 and DO2 did not provide similar results. Direct measurements are more reproducible methods and must be preferred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02425049
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of the circuit capacity in the administration of CPAP (1984)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 10 (1984), S. 305-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: CPAP ; Work of breathing ; Flow ; Airway pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effectiveness of Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) administration in improving blood oxygenation and the importance of the circuit capacity, by checking two different volumes of balloon reservoirs (a 3 1 versus 23 1 balloon), in reducing the work of breathing is presented. Twenty-five postoperative patients, after major gastrointestinal interventions were included in this study. Each patient being studied under three different conditions: Phase I: spontaneous breathing, Phase II: CPAP — 11 cmH2O, 3 1 balloon reservoir; Phase III: CPAP — 11 cmH2O, 23 1 balloon reservoir. All patients were intubated and were breathing room air. The results obtained clearly show a significant improvement in blood oxygenation due to CPAP, pM0.001. In addition, the work of breathing was considerably reduced utilizing a large capacity system with significant lower flow rates, pM0.001 and p(0.0001 respectively. Furthermore, rebreathing was prevented by maintaining continuous bubbling in the exit chamber and proved by having no change in PaCO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254321
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of pathologic oxygen supply dependency in critically ill patients: Comparison between measured and calculated methods (1994)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 20 (1994), S. 12-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Adult respiratory distress syndrome ; Acute hepatic failure ; Indirect calorimetry ; Lactate ; Multiple organ failure ; Oxygen delivery, Oxygen uptake ; Sepsis syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective Oxygen supply dependency at normal or high oxygen delivery rate has been increasingly proposed as a hallmark and a risk factor in critical illnesses. We hypothesized that as fas as an adequate oxygen delivery is provided, oxygen consumption, when determined by indirect calorimetry, is not dependent on oxygen delivery in critically ill patients whereas calculated oxygen consumption is associated with artefactual correlation of oxygen consumption and delivery. Design Oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption and their relationship were analyzed prospectively. Metabolic data gained from both measured and calculated methods were obtained simultaneously before and after volume loading. Setting The study was completed in the intensive care unit as part of the management protocol of the patients. Patients 32 consecutive patients entered the study and were divided into 3 groups according to a clinical condition known to favour oxygen supply dependency: sepsis syndrome, adult respiratory distress syndrome and acute primary liver failure. Intervention The rise in oxygen delivery was obtained by colloid infusion (oxygen flux test) performed in hemodynamically and metabolically stable patients. All were mechanically ventilated. No change in therapy was allowed during the test. Measurements and results Oxygen consumption was simultaneously evaluated by calculation (Fick Principle) and direct measurement using indirect calorimetry. Oxygen delivery was derived from the cardiac output (thermodilution) and arterial content of oxygen. Oxygen supply dependency was considered while observing an increase in oxygen delivery greater than 45 ml/min·m2. Irrespective of patient's clinical diagnosis and outcome, measured oxygen uptake remained unaltered by volume infusion whereas both oxygen delivery and calculated oxygen consumption increased significantly. Arterial lactate level〉2 mmol/l and measured oxygen extraction ratio〉25% failed to identify oxygen supply dependency when measured data were considered. Conclusion Analysis of oxygen uptake, when measured by indirect calorimetry, failed to substantiate oxygen supply dependency in the vast majority of the critically ill patients irrespective of diagnosis and outcome. Mathematical coupling of shared variables accounted for the correlation between oxygen delivery and calculated oxygen consumption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02425048
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